Remediation performance and mechanisms of Cu and Cd contaminated water and soil using Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded biochar

The combined pollution of heavy metals is ubiquitous worldwide. Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded crab shells biochar (LDO/BC) was prepared, so as to remediate the combined pollution of Cd and Cu in soil and water. The pristine and used LDO/BC were characterized and the results revealed that the layered double oxide was successfully loaded on crab shells biochar (BC) and metal element Ca in crab shells was beneficial to the formation of more regular layered and flake structure. The maximal adsorption capacity (Q_m) of LDO/BC for aqueous Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was 66.23 and 73.47 mg/g, respectively. LDO/BC and BC were used to remediate e-waste-contaminated soil for the first time and exhibited highly efficient performance. The extraction amount of Cu and Cd in the contaminated soil by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) after treating with 5% LDO/BC was significantly reduced from 819.84 to 205.95 mg/kg (with passivation rate 74.8%) and 8.46 to 4.16 mg/kg (with passivation rate 50.8%), respectively, inferring that the bioavailability of heavy metals declined remarkably. The experimental result also suggested that after remediation by LDO/BC the exchangeable and weak acid soluble Cu and Cd in soil translated to reducible, residual and oxidizable fraction which are more stable state. Precipitation, complexation and ion exchange were proposed as the possible mechanisms for Cd and Cu removal. In general, these experiment results indicate that LDO/BC can be a potentially effective reagent for remediation of heavy metal contaminated water and soil.     

A primary study of nitrous oxide emission in agriculture region of Northern China

Significance of nitrous oxide in atmospheric chemistry is reviewed briefly. Background concentration of N2O at Wudaoliang in Qinghai Province of Western China has been measured by collecting gas samples and analysing them with electron capture-gas chromatography. The atmospheric concentration fluctuates in the range of 303-315 ppb with the mean value of 308 ppb. The emission rate of N2O in agriculture region of Northern China has been studied primarily. Fertilization, rain and temperature of soil appear conductible to N2O emission. The interactions between greenhouse effect and N2O emission have been discussed. The catalytic action of N2O in stratospheric ozone depletion processes and the effect of high N2O concentration on ozone depletion in stratosphere have been considered and discussed.     

涂铁砂吸附镉的动力学研究

研究了10℃,20℃,40℃的温度下,涂铁砂(Iron oxide coated sand,简称IOCS)对镉的吸附动力学。镉在IOCS表面的吸附可分为两个阶段,吸附反应的前60min为快速吸附阶段,60min后,吸附速率明显变慢。温度升高加快了镉在IOCS表面的吸附速率。用Elovich动力学模型,准一级反应模型,准二级反应模型,二级反应模型和粒内扩散动力学模型对实验数据进行回归分析,准二级反应模型能更好地描述镉在IOCS表面的吸附,各吸附模型的模拟优劣顺序为:准二级模型>二级模型>Elovich模型>准一级模型>粒内扩散模型。     

氧化铝陶瓷膜分离高浊度水试验研究

实验研究了氧化铝陶瓷膜处理高浊度水时膜通量衰减变化规律,发现运行初期膜通量衷减很快,后期衰减趋于平缓,总体成线性下降。对0.8μm、0.2μm、50nm 3种不同孔径的氧化铝陶瓷膜性能进行了比较,发现50nm氧化铝陶瓷纳滤膜处理高浊度水膜通量明显大于0.8μm和0.2μm氧化铝陶瓷超滤膜,而浊度和污染指数也较两者小。     

除草剂对氮肥反硝化损失与N2O排放的影响

在华北平原潮土上,采用原状土柱培养乙炔抑制法研究玉米地氮肥反硝化损失和N2O排放量以及喷施3种除草剂(乙莠、丁莠和旱锄)的影响.结果表明,氮肥的反硝化损失量为2.66kgN/hm2,占施肥量的1.77%;氮肥产生的N2O排放量为3.14kgN/hm2,占施氮量的2.09%,反硝化不是该地区旱作系统氮肥损失的主要途径,但氮肥的施用大大增加N2O排放量.喷施除草剂显著或极显著降低氮肥的N2O排放量和反硝化损失量,比单施尿素处理分别降低2.01~2.85kgN/hm2和2.56~3.16kgN/hm2.     

复合氧化物用于汽车排气催化氧化的实验研究

本文制备出一种非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂 ,可用于治理汽车排气中的 CO和 HC,初步研究了其对 CO和 C3 H6的催化氧化效果 ,实验结果表明 ,该催化剂具有较好的催化氧化能力     

GO/(CeO2-TiO2)改性复合膜紫外光催化去除氨氮、DOC

以二氧化铈-二氧化钛（CeO₂-TiO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化铈（GO-CeO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛（GO-TiO₂）和氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛-二氧化铈[GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）]为改性物质,借助真空过滤法对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜进行改性制备复合膜,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、紫外可见漫反射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱等手段探究了复合膜的结构和光吸收能力.选择常州太湖支浜水样作为原水,研究了复合膜在黑暗及紫外光条件下对氨氮及DOC的去除效果.结果表明,黑暗条件下,（GO-CeO₂）复合膜氨氮去除率最高可达到28.21%,GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜DOC去除率最高达29.58%;紫外光条件下,GO、CeO₂、TiO₂间的协同作用使得GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜氨氮（65.4%）及DOC （54.7%）去除效果最佳.     

功能化石墨烯对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2生长的促进作用

研究石墨烯对微生物生长的影响,深入探讨石墨烯和微生物之间的相互作用,对科学评估石墨烯的生态安全性具有重要的现实意义.本文研究了两种功能化石墨烯(氧化石墨烯和磺化石墨烯)对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2生长的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱及红外光谱技术深入探讨了石墨烯与菌HPD-2之间的作用机制.结果表明,两种石墨烯对菌HPD-2生长的影响与培养体系中营养水平有关,石墨烯的种类和浓度也是重要影响因素.低浓度石墨烯(0～10 mg·L~(-1))对菌HPD-2生长无影响,较高浓度石墨烯(100 mg·L~(-1))能够显著促进菌HPD-2的生长(p0.05).两种石墨烯均能促进菌HPD-2胞外聚合物的分泌.与菌HPD-2发生相互作用后,低浓度氧化石墨烯的D峰和G峰的相对强度比值(I_D/I_G)显著提高,结构无序性增加,较高浓度石墨烯与菌HPD-2发生了明显的相互作用,并在菌体表面存在一定程度的堆叠,细胞表面蛋白质、氨基酸和胞外多糖均参与了两者之间的相互作用;相比于氧化石墨烯,磺化石墨烯与菌HPD-2表面的作用较弱.研究结果有助于深入理解和科学评价石墨烯的微生物效应.     

NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.     

Low-temperature conversion of ammonia to nitrogen in water with ozone over composite metal oxide catalyst

As one of the most important water pollutants, ammonia nitrogen emissions have increased year by year, which has attracted people's attention. Catalytic ozonation technology, which involves production of ·OH radical with strong oxidation ability, is widely used in the treatment of organic-containing wastewater. In this work, MgO-Co_3O_4 composite metal oxide catalysts prepared with different fabrication conditions have been systematically evaluated and compared in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia(50 mg/L) in water. In terms of high catalytic activity in ammonia decomposition and high selectivity for gaseous nitrogen, the catalyst with MgO-Co_3O_4 molar ratio 8:2, calcined at 500°C for 3 hr, was the best one among the catalysts we tested, with an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 85.2% and gaseous nitrogen selectivity of44.8%. In addition, the reaction mechanism of ozonation oxidative decomposition of ammonia nitrogen in water with the metal oxide catalysts was discussed. Moreover, the effect of coexisting anions on the degradation of ammonia was studied, finding that SO_2-4 and HCO-3 could inhibit the catalytic activity while CO_2-3 and Br-could promote it. The presence of coexisting cations had very little effect on the catalytic ozonation of ammonia nitrogen. After five successive reuses, the catalyst remained stable in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia.