全程自养脱氮污泥颗粒化及其脱氮性能的研究

利用厌氧颗粒污泥作为种泥,启动SBR反应器,旨在培养全程自养脱氮颗粒污泥以及研究全程自养脱氮过程中污泥理化性质的变化.结果表明,先在厌氧条件下富集厌氧氨氧化微生物,然后在曝入的氮气中添加一定量空气,控制反应器的DO在0.3～0.5 mg/L,实现全程自养脱氮颗粒污泥培养是可行的,总氮去除率最高达到75.3%.实验用水中过高的钙盐和磷盐会形成钙盐沉积物,并在污泥中积累,导致污泥中有机组分减少,污泥脱氮性能变差.降低试验用水中Ca盐的投加量,经过驯化,污泥中的有机组分会逐渐增加,污泥脱氮性能逐渐恢复.     

化肥行业中污水处理工程的设计与运行

介绍了化肥行业中污水的处理工艺,利用活性污泥在适宜的环境下（即曝气时）可去除COD,硝化茵可把氨氮氧化为NO2^-、NO3^-,以及在缺氧时（即推流时）反硝化菌可把NO2^-、NO3^-转化为N2,去除污染物,使处理后的污水出水水质达标排放。工程表明：处理后的污水出水水质能够达到《合成氨工业水污染物排放标准》GB13458—2001要求。     

好氧脉冲曝气对FND—CASS工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

通过改变CASS工艺的运行方式。采用好氧脉冲曝气,研究FND—CASS工艺对城市生活污水脱氮除磷效果的影响。试验结果表明：好氧脉冲曝气对系统的脱氮除磷有显著影响。通过改变好氧脉冲曝气方式,发现好氧脉冲曝气对COD和NH3－N的去除有一定影响,对TN和TP的去除有显著影响。试验表明,本工艺的最佳好氧脉冲曝气方式为5—5（min）,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为89．32％、82．43％、80．52％和80．44％。     

两种常用兽药对作物发芽的生态毒性效应

采用室内生长箱培养的试验方法,研究了2种常用兽药磺胺嘧啶钠、环丙沙星对小麦、白菜和番茄种子发芽、根伸长、芽伸长的影响,分析了兽药和作物生长之间的剂量.效应关系,比较分析了小麦,白菜和番茄对2种兽药胁迫的敏感性.结果表明,根长抑制率和芽长抑制率与兽药浓度显著相关(p<0.05);种子发芽抑制率与2种兽药浓度不相关(p>0.05).2种兽药对根伸长和芽伸长的抑制明显强于对种子发芽的抑制.3种作物对磺胺嘧啶钠胁迫的敏感性依次为小麦＞白菜＞番茄;对环丙沙星胁迫的敏感性依次为白菜＞番茄＞小麦;磺胺嘧啶钠对3种作物的毒性效应明显强于环丙沙星.     

Co-inhibition of methanogens for methane mitigation in biodegradable wastes

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated.It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected.Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens,while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis.A central composite design (CCD) and response surface regression analysis (RSREG) were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition efficiency,production of volatile fatty acids and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid.Chloroform had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA (F = 121.3;p<0.01),and acetylene promoted the inhibition efficiency (F = 99.15;p<0.05) more effectively than chloroform (F = 9.72;p>0.05).In addition,a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6×10-3 (V/V).Hence,methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well,as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.     

地下土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的研究

在地下土壤渗滤系统运行的过程中,污水中的总氮主要是通过硝化作用及反硝化作用去除的。但是由于反应条件的限制,该系统出水中总氮的浓度总是不能使人满意。分析目前常用的三种提高总氮去除效率的地下土壤渗滤系统得出:间歇进水,并且在一定土壤层深度为微生物的活动提供有机物可以显著降低出水中总氮的浓度。     

有氧条件下生物滤塔去除NOx的挂膜启动及研究

将优选后的好氧反硝化菌应用于生物过滤系统,用来脱除NOx模拟废气,研究了生物滤床在好氧条件下对NOx的处理效果和不同操作条件下的运行情况,并对NOx去除过程的作用机制进行了探讨.结果表明,生物滤塔经过26 d完成挂膜启动,该工艺系统能有效克服氧对反硝化菌活性的抑制作用,可实现对NOx的高效率脱除.NOx净化主要发生在滤...     

碳源类型对污水生物处理过程中氧化亚氮释放的影响

碳源是污水生物处理过程中N2O释放的重要影响因素.本试验以不同碳源（葡萄糖、乙酸钠和淀粉）条件下的SBR反应器为研究对象,分析了碳源类型对于N2O释放的影响作用.结果发现,N2O释放主要发生在好氧段,且释放总量受碳源影响,以乙酸钠为碳源的反应器产生的N2O最多,释放速率最大,其次为葡萄糖,淀粉最少,N2O转化率分别为7...     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

亚热带红壤硝化特性的干土效应响应

风干处理常对土壤中的硝化细菌数量和活性造成显著影响.为研究土壤硝化作用的干土效应,以分别发育于第四纪红土(quaternary red earth,Q)和红砂岩(tertiary red sandstone,S),利用方式为水稻(rice,R)与旱地(upland,U)的4个农田土壤的新鲜土与风干土为供试材料,进行35d的室内培养试验.结果表明,对于无外源铵输入的处理而言,旱地土壤QU的新鲜土和风干土的硝化率分别为48%和54%,SU则分别为76%和78%,硝化作用的干土效应均不显著(p0.05);但干土效应却显著影响了水稻土的硝化作用(QR的新鲜土和风干土的硝化率分别为40%和89%,SR分别为76%和94%,p0.01),且其风干土样的硝化作用表现出明显的微生物激活过程.外源铵的加入促进了土壤的硝化作用强度且使得旱地土壤的干土效应显著,所有供试土壤新鲜土的硝化率均显著高于风干土的硝化率.总之,土壤利用方式显著影响了硝化作用对干土效应的响应,而且利用方式和加铵对硝化作用的干土效应有着极显著的交互作用.