徐州市奎河河流--地下水渗流系统处理水体中氮

基于污水土地处理系统可以渗漏形式补给地下水的特点，利用现场调查分析的方法，提出了一种新的污水土地处理方式－河流－地下水渗流系统去除污水中氮。结果表明，河流－地下水饱和渗流系统对氮污染组分具有很高的去除作用，在距河流４０ｍ处对污水中氮的去除率达９５％以上，且不受季节变化的影响。     

Optimization of C/N ratio preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers' grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers‘ grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established.At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth,called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed.For each combination of C and N,their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined.Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria.The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus.The conditions of fermentation are:inoculum size 10%,temperature 30.0℃,rotational speed 170 r/min,shake culture time 48h.The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are:maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium,maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%.Optimal C/N is 5.1。     

高铁酸盐氧化絮凝去除饮用水中氨氮的研究

研究了不同水质条件下高铁酸亍对饮用水中氨氮的去除效果及主要影响因素，通过实验证明，高铁对水中氨氮上人一定的氧化去除效能，利用并强化高铁的氧化和絮凝作用的协同效果，将使高铁对氨氮的处理能力有所提高，进上步发现，少量的三价铁对高铁氧化絮凝去除氨氮具有一定的催化作用。     

悬浮态污泥的SRT对复合式A2/O工艺性能的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧复合工艺(复合式A2/O工艺)及其对照工艺(传统A2/O工艺),进行了悬浮态污泥SRT的变化对系统性能影响的试验研究结果表明,悬浮态污泥浓度与其SRT的关系仍符合劳伦斯-麦卡蒂方程式的导出公式所反映的变化趋势,但其同时和反应器中填料上的生物膜数量呈相反变化趋势在总HRT为12.76 h、COD容积负荷小于1.5kg·m-3·d-1、TKN容积负荷小于0.13kg·m-3·d-1、悬浮态污泥SRT为25～5 d、水温为12～15 ℃时,悬浮态污泥SRT的变化对COD的去除几乎没有影响,出水COD均小于50 mg·L-1;但SRT的变化对氮和磷的去除有较大的影响,当悬浮态污泥SRT大于10 d时,出水NH4+-N和TN浓度分别低于15 mg·L-2和20mg·L-1,随SRT的增大,TP的去除效率下降;附着态生物膜参与硝化过程,能够提高系统总的NH4+-N去除率20%～30%.悬浮态污泥SRT宜控制为10～15 d,这可在一定程度上解决或缓解传统A2/O工艺中硝化和除磷过程对污泥龄要求的矛盾.     

氮肥和磷肥对稻田N2O排放的影响

通过模拟南方稻田施用不同量的氮肥和磷肥的实验来探讨N和P对稻田释放N2O的影响.结果表明,水稻田N2O排放通量的较大值主要出现在3次烤田期;氮肥和磷肥对土壤中产生N2O的贡献主要在水稻生长中后期,从第1次烤田起(移栽后34d),氮肥和磷肥都表现为对N2O排放有促进作用;而低氮对N2O排放的刺激作用没有高氮的作用明显,且N2处理(180kg/hm2)、N1处理(90kg/hm2)和N0处理(没有施肥)之间的平均N2O排放差异不显著.在水稻生长中后期(第1次烤田后),N3处理(270kg/hm2)和N4处理(360kg/hm2)的较高水平的氮肥加入能强烈刺激N2O排放.     

Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand

Legume-based pastures in Australasia are predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These pastures have disadvantages such as limitations in the production and persistence of white clover and ryegrass in drought prone regions. With the increasing interest in organic agriculture, more complex pasture mixtures are seen as an alternative to the standard ryegrass-white clover (RWC) pasture. Although anecdotal evidence exists to support the benefits of alternative pastures, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support or refute these claims. The present study was conducted to compare three different alternative multi-species (mixed herb leys) (MSP) pastures with the standard RWC pasture with and without irrigation, in terms of biomass and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) over a period of 1 year under field conditions in Canterbury, New Zealand. Isotopic dilution technique involving field ¹⁵N-microplots were used to measure BNF. Irrigation doubled dry matter yields (DMY) of all pastures compared with those under dryland. There was no significant difference between DMY of all pastures under dryland. However, under irrigation, MSP pastures out-yield RWC pasture in total and legume DMY. Red clover MSP produced significantly lower DMY than the comprehensive or lucerne MSP treatment, probably due to the ability of lucerne in extracting water from deeper soil depth. Seasonal changes in plant composition varied according to the species sown, soil moisture status and temperature. Total and seasonal amounts of N₂ fixed followed the same trend as the DMY and were related to the DMY of legumes. On average, about 26–34 kg N was fixed per tonne of legume DMY, showing a uniformity across all pastures. Overall, based on the present results of 1-year study, the MSP pastures tend to result in higher DMY, BNF and legume growth compared with that of the RWC pasture, provided irrigation is available. With increased BNF, these irrigated MSP pastures may provide high quality feed to grazing animals.     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

同时硝化反硝化的试验研究

在培养和富集硝化菌的基础上，通过控制溶解氧浓度（0.5-1mg/L）观察到同时硝化反硝化现象的存在。进水氨氮投加浓度为50mg/L和100mg/L的2个试验组，总氮分别有58.4%和62.6%损失，作者还结合试验结果，对同时硝化反硝化过程的影响因素和可能机理进行了分析。     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。     

浅谈SBR污水处理技术的进展

综述了SBR法曝气、脱氮除磷的研究进展，归纳了经典及新型SBR工艺的特点，SBR法的发展前途。