白腐菌和红平红球菌共固定化处理增塑剂废水

以赭曲霉死菌丝体为载体,吸附红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropo lisNG0402)和白腐菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporiumM E-446)的混合物,用聚乙烯醇作包埋剂进行共固定化。用制备好的共固定化细胞处理增塑剂废水,连续运行19d的结果表明,共固定化处理增塑剂废水的效果远好于单一菌的效果。在pH7.0、溶解氧质量浓度3.0m g/L、水力停留时间25h的条件下,废水中苯酚、COD和色度的去除率连续15d达到了90%以上,对苯酚的去除能力为2.16kg/(m3.d)。     

自然与环境资源价值评估的误区

资源环境价值计量近年来成为资源与环境经济学的研究热点,但却因为在许多最基本的问题上迷失了方向,产生了不少似是而非的问题。被混淆的问题包括:①实物意义上的稀缺与经济学上的稀缺;②使用价值与交换价值;③边际价值与全部价值;④成本与价值;⑤个人消费者价值与社会价值。论文主要目的是通过澄清这些问题来指出如何对自然与环境资源估价。     

不同产地的几种海藻中砷的形态和含量分析

采用干法消解和盐酸浸提处理、氢化物原子荧光光谱法对不同产地的几种海藻中的砷进行了形态和含量分析.结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,最低检出限达到0.147μg·1-1,线性相关系数0.9990以上,四种褐藻的精密度在0.74%-4.93%之间,回收率在91.64%-101.62%之间.四种褐藻的总砷和无机砷含量分别在16.58μg·g-1和5.104μg·g-1以上,其中羊栖菜的总砷和无机砷含量最高.     

跨高速铁路桥梁基础防护桩设计与施工

武咸城际铁路在咸宁市上跨武广高速铁路,安全风险极大。论述了跨高速铁路桥梁基础承台防护桩的设计和施工,分析了防护桩设计的影响因素,确定了计算桩长。此外,从单桩承载力、桩基内力及基地应力三方面计算进行了安全性验证,确保了桥梁承台施工安全,对类似工程的基础安全防护有较好的借鉴作用。     

盐分对一株硫氧化细菌氧化能力的影响

通过液体选择培养基、平板划线的方法从脱硫污泥中分离筛选出一株硫氧化细菌,并对其进行初步鉴定和生长特性的分析.结果表明,该细菌为化能自养型细菌,短杆状,大小为0.5～0.8 μm×1.2～3.0 μm,革兰氏染色显阴性.以5％的接种量接种于富集培养基,S2-初始浓度为100 mg/L时,SOB在60 h内基本将还原态硫氧化完全,pH最低降到2左右.当溶液中有SO42-量积累和电导率升高后,对SOB氧化S2O32-过程有明显的抑制作用.该菌株对盐分的耐受值为7 650 μS/cm(以电导率计).     

Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and fruit/vegetable waste: Lab-scale and pilot-scale studies

The anaerobic digestion performances of kitchen waste (KW) and fruit/vegetable waste (FVW) were investigated for establishing engineering digestion system. The study was conducted from lab-scale to pilot-scale, including batch, single-phase and two-phase experiments. The lab-scale experimental results showed that the ratio of FVW to KW at 5:8 presented higher methane productivity (0.725 L CH₄/g VS), and thereby was recommended. Two-phase digestion appeared to have higher treatment capacity and better buffer ability for high organic loading rate (OLR) (up to 5.0 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1), compared with the low OLR of 3.5 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1 for single-phase system. For two-phase digestion, the pilot-scale system showed similar performances to those of lab-scale one, except slightly lower maximum OLR of 4.5 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1 was allowed. The pilot-scale system proved to be profitable with a net profit of 10.173 $/ton as higher OLR (?3.0 g (VS) L^?1 d^?1) was used.     

Clarifying values,risk perceptions,and attitudes to resolve or avoid social conflicts in invasive species management

Decision makers and researchers recognize the need to effectively confront the social dimensions and conflicts inherent to invasive species research and management. Yet, despite numerous contentious situations that have arisen, no systematic evaluation of the literature has examined the commonalities in the patterns and types of these emergent social issues. Using social and ecological keywords, we reviewed trends in the social dimensions of invasive species research and management and the sources and potential solutions to problems and conflicts that arise around invasive species. We integrated components of cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perceptions theory to provide a conceptual framework to identify, distinguish, and provide understanding of the driving factors underlying disputes associated with invasive species. In the ISI Web of Science database, we found 15,915 peer‐reviewed publications on biological invasions, 124 of which included social dimensions of this phenomenon. Of these 124, 28 studies described specific contentious situations. Social approaches to biological invasions have emerged largely in the last decade and have focused on both environmental social sciences and resource management. Despite being distributed in a range of journals, these 124 articles were concentrated mostly in ecology and conservation‐oriented outlets. We found that conflicts surrounding invasive species arose based largely on differences in value systems and to a lesser extent stakeholder and decision maker's risk perceptions. To confront or avoid such situations, we suggest integrating the plurality of environmental values into invasive species research and management via structured decision making techniques, which enhance effective risk communication that promotes trust and confidence between stakeholders and decision makers. Clarificar los Valores, Percepciones de Riesgo y Actitudes para Resolver o Evitar Conflictos Sociales en el Manejo de Especies Invasoras     

顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中的邻二氯苯

采用顶空采样,填充柱分离,ECD测定水和废水中的邻二氯苯,在柱温150℃,进样室温200℃,ECD温300％下,邻二氯苯的保留时间为3．78min,该方法灵敏度高,最低检出浓度为0．02μg／L;精密度好,对标准样品六次测定的相对标准偏差小于3．9％;准确度高,加标回收率在95％～104％之间。操作简便、测定快速,克服了萃取法烦琐、有毒、易污染色谱柱等缺点。     

多轴差分吸收光谱仪对大气污染物SO2、NO2、O3的立体监测

多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX—DOAS）是用来监测大气中痕量气体成分的专用仪器,它能同时自动监测SO2、NO2和03三种污染气体,得到的垂直柱浓度对研究污染物的时空分布特点具有重要意义。分析了2011年5月下旬至2012年4月中旬期间MAX—DOAS在重庆市的测量数据,结果表明：夏季SO2的柱浓度高于其它季节,并在每个季节都出现了峰值：SO2与NO2之间浓度变化趋势相同,且最大小时浓度值都集中在上午;O3垂直柱浓度受气象条件和臭氧前体物的影响呈夏季高、秋冬低的季节性变化;通过多元回归建立了O3柱浓度与气象因素、前体物的关系式。     

生态城市建设理论与实践研究综述

回顾生态城市思想的产生过程,分别阐述生态城市的概念、内涵、特征等内容,从生态城市建设的基本理论、原则、规划方法、思想等方面分别对国内外生态城市的建设理论和实践研究进行总结,通过对比国内外有关生态城市建设的研究与实践差异,对中国生态城市建设研究提出建议,如区别现实生态城市与理想生态城市的差异,探寻城市生态化的驱动因子和建设途径,加强理论研究与实践相结合及理论与方法研究的系统性和整体性,营造全方位的生态城市建设氛围等的方面。