铁路客运站综合能源系统关键技术应用研究

随着近年来光伏发电、冷热电三联供、储能技术等在铁路客运站的应用逐渐增多,以分布式能源系统为基础的综合能源系统相关技术正在凭借其灵活高效、节能环保等优势推动传统的铁路能源管控系统改造升级.采用基于能量流的综合能源系统建模方法,对铁路客运站进行综合能源系统建模分析,提出不同情景下的系统运行优化控制策略,并基于某车站开发相应...     

微环境新风量的检测原理及方法研究

新风量是评价室内微环境空气卫生质量的主要卫生指标之一,也是计算室内某种气体单位时间排放量的重要参数。以CO2作为示踪气体,利用于冰升华和人体呼吸产生CO2示踪气体两种测量方法对室内和车内微环境进行了检测,并考虑室内人呼出CO2量的影响,运用箱子模式的各种推导公式（稳态法、解析解法和差分法）对新风量进行了计算,并对结果进行了讨论。结果表明,没有人存在下,用箱子模式的解析解法和差分法计算的新风量值没有明显的统计差异;微环境内有人时必须考虑人释放的影响,这样箱子模式的各种推导公式都可以计算新风量值,且结果准确,准确度高。利用人体呼吸产生CO2示踪气体法,用差分法计算结果不理想,偏差很大;用稳态法计算重现性高,结果可靠。     

环境样品中痕量铅的流动注射在线分离及分光光度检测

1　IntroductionLeadiswellknownasoneofthemosttoxicmetalsandnotedinthefieldofenvironmentalchemistry[1 ] .Theleadconcentrationinnaturalwaterisextremelylow (sub μg·l-1 level)sothatsomepreconcentrationstepmustbeincludedtoassurethesensitivityofaconventionalin…     

新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

Trends in biodiversity and habitat quantification tools used for market-based conservation in the United States

Market-based conservation mechanisms are designed to facilitate the mitigation of harm to and conservation of habitats and biodiversity. Their potential is partly hindered, however, by the quantification tools used to assess habitat quality and functionality. Of specific concern are the lack of transparency and standardization in tool development and gaps in tool availability. To address these issues, we collected information via internet and literature searchers and through conversations with tool developers and users on tools used in U.S. conservation mechanisms, such as payments for ecosystem services (PES) and ecolabel programs, conservation banking, and habitat exchanges. We summarized information about tools and explored trends among and within mechanisms based on criteria detailing geographic, ecological, and technical features of tools. We identified 69 tools that assessed at least 34 species and 39 habitat types. Where tools reported pricing, 98% were freely available. More tools were applied to states along the U.S. West Coast than elsewhere, and the level of tool transferability varied markedly among mechanisms. Tools most often incorporated conditions at numerous spatial scales, frequently addressed multiple risks to site viability, and required 1–83 data inputs. Most tools required a moderate or greater level of user skill. Average tool-complexity estimates were similar among all mechanisms except PES programs. Our results illustrate the diversity among tools in their ecological features, data needs, and geographic application, supporting concerns about a lack of standardization. However, consistency among tools in user skill requirements, incorporation of multiple spatial scales, and complexity highlight important commonalities that could serve as a starting point for establishing more standardized tool development and feature-incorporation processes. Greater standardization in tool design may expand market participation and facilitate a needed assessment of the effectiveness of market-based conservation.     

多点网格流速在线测量方法研究

烟气流速是CEMS监测的重要参数,其准确性直接关系到污染物排放总量。由于受安装场地的限制,同一烟道截面流速分布不均匀,单点测量难以真实反映断面流真实流速。根据某电厂流速监测现状,结合Fluent软件对烟道流场进行模拟分析和手工网格采样理论,提出多点网格在线流速测量方法,明显提高流速测量精度和代表性。     

气箱式脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器清灰系统主要技术参数的确定

为了揭示气箱式脉冲袋式除尘器的清灰机理,应用压缩气体流动能量方程,推导出滤袋表面的反向清灰风速教学表达式;根据袋式除尘器实验模型测定的数据,得出了剥离力与粉尘剥离率之问的关系式,并在此基础上提出了清灰系统设计方法;应用气体射流理论得到了脉冲喷吹质量流量、喷吹口直径、空压机供气压力和供气量的计算公式.结果表明,在粉尘负荷一定的条件下,给定预期的剥离率,可以得到所必需的反向清灰风速和喷吹气体流量,据此可以确定清灰系统的主要技术参数.     

考虑优先权的人群安全疏散动态模型

为制定合理、高效的应急状况下建筑物内人群疏散方案,考虑拥堵对人流速度的影响及疏散中不同人员特点,对建筑物内人群疏散动态实时分配问题进行研究。首先,采用元胞传输理论将建筑物内复杂的结构转化为元胞—连接桥路网模型,进而以最短疏散时间为目标函数、元胞流量守恒和流量传播为约束条件建立线性优化模型。通过对模型的求解可以得到不同优先级人员的网络清空时间、各路段实时人员数量及路径选择最优方案。案例分析结果表明,疏散过程中人员的优先级差异以及拥堵的发生均会影响不同人员的网络清空时间,因此,针对建筑物内人群疏散进行建模时,应考虑以上因素。     

滑脱流动影响的低渗储层甲烷运移采出规律研究

为了达到低渗储层甲烷抽采过程甲烷采井优化设计和产能准确预测的目的,基于现场测井数据,采用非线性流体数值计算方法,以柳林煤层甲烷试验采区为例,对滑脱流动影响的煤层甲烷采场压力非线性分布和产能预测进行研究。数值计算结果表明:低渗储层甲烷运移采出受气体滑脱流动影响显著,考虑滑脱流动影响时,采场压力衰减区域变大,气体速率变快;对比测井产能历史拟合数据发现,计算所得的滑脱流动影响的产能预测值更加准确。由计算结果验证了单井开采具有采场压力影响范围较小,产能较低等缺点,并得出五采出四压裂的布井方式是既能够准确预测产能又能够更好避免井间干扰效应的最优布井方式。