雨强对黄土区土壤钾素径流流失的影响

通过不同雨强人工模拟冲刷试验，初步分析了雨强对黄土区土壤钾素径流的影响。结果表明，雨强(冲刷强度)增大，溶解态钾质量浓度，溶解态钾、缓效钾和速效钾流失量明显增加；在不同雨强的条件下，缓效钾、速效钾的流失量与坡度呈显著的指数函数关系；雨强对速效钾、缓效钾的富集率影响不大；雨强比坡度对缓效钾和速效钾的流失影响更大。     

磷水平对不同耐低磷水稻苗根系生长及氮、磷、钾吸收的影响

选取3个耐低磷水稻基因型99011、580和99112及1个磷敏感基因型99056为材料，采用营养液培养，比较了它们在不同磷水平下苗期根系的生长状况及对氮、磷、钾的吸收情况，结果表明，耐低磷基因型适应低磷的能力较强，它们具有较长的根系、较大的根体积和根干重，其中99011和580表现尤为突出，且它们的根系受磷水平变化的影响明显小于敏感基因型99056；0．081～0．161mmol／L的磷处理更有利于耐低磷基因型根系的发育，并且促进氮和钾的吸收，此时，植株能够吸收较正常磷处理更多的氮和钾；而磷敏感基因型99056吸收氮和钾的量随供磷水平的下降而减少，并且吸收磷的总量受磷水平变化的影响显著较3个耐低磷基因型大。     

化学发光法检测空气中NO_2研究

以0.2%的三乙醇胺水溶液作为二氧化氮吸收液,将空气中二氧化氮转化为亚硝酸盐,进而测出空气中二氧化氮的浓度。通过实验发现,进样方式、载流速度、硫酸浓度、溴酸钾浓度和酸性铬蓝K的浓度对该体系的发光强度都有影响,确定了体系的最优条件,建立了标准曲线,亚硝酸根的浓度在6.0×10-9～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内分段有很好的线性关系,检出限为8.5×10-11mol/L。对1.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-6mol/L的亚硝酸根进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差分别为1.8%和2.2%。用该方法对氧化剂实验室空气中的二氧化氮含量进行了检测并进行标准加入和回收实验,回收率在95%～104%之间,该法可用于大气环境中的NO2测定。     

碳酸钾-三乙烯四胺复合溶液吸收模拟烟气中CO_2试验研究

本菲尔溶液在工业脱除二氧化碳中已获得较广泛的应用,但存在吸收速率差、再生负荷高等缺点。开发新型复合溶液成为目前研究热点。采用搅拌实验装置,研究不同配比的碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收速率、吸收容量与酸碱度、时间之间的内在联系,并对CO2从复合溶液中初始逸出温度、溶液再生温度、溶液再生率、再生前后溶液pH下降率进行了细致记录分析。实验结果表明:碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液配比为0.6∶0.4时吸收效果最佳,吸收量约为0.914mol/L;同时再生温度最低,为106℃;再生率最高,为96.7%。与相同配比的碳酸钾-MEA(一乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DEA(二乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DETA(二乙烯三胺)复合溶液相比具有一定再生优势。实验结果还表明碳酸钾-TETA复合体系之间存在正交互作用。     

新疆土壤可蚀性K值空间插值及其分布特征研究

土壤可蚀性是土壤侵蚀预报和土地利用规划的重要参数,本文采用EPIC（Erosion Productivity Impact Caculator）模型中土壤可蚀性因子K值为指标,利用新疆土壤污染状况调查资料,探讨新疆土壤可蚀性K值及分布特征,并采用Kriging插值法进行全疆K值的空间插值。结果表明：新疆各类型土壤表层平均K值为0.238～0.441,主要分布在可侵蚀-易侵蚀-较易侵蚀范围;其中K值最大的土类为石质土和风沙土,均属于岩成土土纲;K值最小的土类为棕钙土;不同的土地利用方式,土壤可蚀性特征也不同,耕地土壤K值最大。从总体上看,土壤经过多年耕种,抗侵蚀能力明显下降。     

Filyos River Streamflow Reconstruction from Tree‐Ring Chronologies with Nonparametric Approaches

The article presents nonparametric methods based on K nearest neighbors (KNNs), modified KNNs, and local polynomial techniques to reconstruct streamflow ensembles from tree‐ring data in Filyos River region (Turkey). Three methods were tested using cross‐validation for the overlap period, 1963‐1997 for which the tree‐ring and streamflow data are available. It was found that for the study where the length of the overlap period was limited, a nonparametric method based on a local polynomial technique provides simulations that have a slightly better solution than the other methods. After verification using standard statistical techniques, these methods were utilized to develop streamflow reconstructions from tree‐ring data for the paleo‐hydrologic period (1657‐1963). These reconstructions of seasonal low and high flows were discussed with the obtained flood duration curve. They were also compared with the historical archives and other tree‐ring reconstructions data available in the same river. Overall, the utility and limitations of these methods and the resulting streamflow simulations were discussed to assess the long‐term discharge behavior of Filyos River and to evaluate water supply reliability.     

天然及甲酸改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533吸附作用的影响

采用甲酸对天然沸石改性,通过测定其比表面积和XRD图谱评定其结构变化;并在不同浓度的K+、Cu2+、HPO42-存在条件下,比较了天然沸石及改性加工后对沙门氏菌K533的吸附性能.结果表明:天然沸石经甲酸改性后,BET比表面积增加;由XRD图谱可见,改性沸石表面杂质减少;在离子浓度相同的条件下,改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533的吸附量极显著高于天然沸石(P<0.01),且在一定离子浓度范围内,天然沸石、改性沸石的吸附量随离子浓度的增加而增大.综上所述,甲酸改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533的吸附性能优于天然沸石.     

狼尾草根系对阿特拉津长期胁迫的氧化应激响应

通过盆栽实验研究了抗性植物狼尾草根部丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸(As A)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等氧化应激生理指标对不同浓度阿特拉津长期(48 d)胁迫的响应规律。结果表明:当阿特拉津胁迫浓度分别高于20 mg·kg~(-1)和50 mg·kg~(-1)时,狼尾草根系的MDA与Pro含量较对照组显著升高(P0.05);随着阿特拉津胁迫浓度的增加,狼尾草根部SOD和GR活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中当阿特拉津胁迫浓度为20 mg·kg~(-1)时,SOD和GR活性达到最大值;供试植物根系中As A含量与阿特拉津胁迫浓度呈正相关。综上,中低浓度(≤20 mg·kg~(-1))阿特拉津处理没有对狼尾草的根系产生明显的氧化胁迫效应,狼尾草根系的上述抗氧化应激生理指标对于发挥阿特拉津抗性起着重要的作用。     

Promotional effect of ion-exchanged K on the low-temperature hydrothermal stability of Cu/SAPO-34 and its synergic application with Fe/Beta catalysts

• K⁺ hinder the structural degradation of Cu/SAPO-34 under humid condition<100°C. • K⁺ on Cu/SAPO-34 brings lower acidity and inferior SCR activity at high temperature. • Fe/Beta was used to compensate the low activity of Cu/SAPO-34 at high temperature. • The hybrid catalysts with KCu/SAPO-34 and Fe/Beta show a great potential for using. K ions were introduced onto Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts via the ion-exchange process in order to improve their stability under low-temperature hydrothermal aging. The changes in structure and copper-species contents of these catalysts upon hydrothermal aging were probed in order to investigate their effects on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity. For the fresh Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts, K ions had little influence on the chabazite framework but effected their acidities by exchanging with acid sites. After hydrothermal aging, the structural integrity and amount of active sites decreased on pure Cu/SAPO-34. While the K-loaded catalysts showed improved chabazite structure, acidity, and active site conservation with increasing K loading. However, although the 0.7 wt% K catalyst maintained the same crystallinity, active site abundance, and low-temperature SCR activity as the fresh catalyst upon aging, an apparent decrease in SCR activity at high temperature was observed because of the inevitable decrease in the number of Brönsted acid sites. To compensate for the activity disadvantage of K-loaded Cu/SAPO-34 at high temperature, Fe/Beta catalysts were co-employed with K-loaded Cu/SAPO-34, and a wide active temperature window of SCR activity was obtained. Thus, our study reveals that a combined system comprising Fe/Beta and K-loaded Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts shows promise for the elimination of NO_x in real-world applications.     

基于不同能源底物和营养水平的酸性矿山废水产生机制研究

硫化矿物在氧气、水和铁氧化细菌的共同作用下会形成pH值极低、富含可溶性Fe、SO₄^2-和重金属离子等的酸性矿山废水.本研究选取黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿作为能源底物,以及0×9K、1/4×9K、1/2×9K、1×9K培养基作为营养水平,在氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans）的参与下,从能源底物和营养水平角度探索不同硫化矿物酸性废水的产生特点和机制.结果表明,3种硫化矿物的生物产酸能力依次为黄铁矿>磁黄铁矿≈黄铜矿.经过38 d的生化反应后,黄铁矿体系的pH值达到1.41,总Fe （TFe）和SO₄^2-浓度分别达到771.82 mg·L^-1和357.25 mg·L^-1.水体营养水平在黄铁矿的生物产酸过程中起着至关重要的作用.经过16 d的生化反应后,0×9K、1/4×9K、1/2×9K、1×9K培养基处理的终点pH值分别为1.68、1.44、1.30、1.29.根据各营养体系中Fe²⁺和TFe浓度的变化趋势,以及反应终点收集矿物的X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）,分析认为充足的营养会提高Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans的活性或密度,加快Fe²⁺生物氧化形成Fe³⁺并通过水解产酸作用合成黄钾铁矾等次生铁矿物,从而导致溶液的pH值更低.本研究所得结果对明晰酸性矿山废水形成规律具有一定的指导意义.