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排序方式: 共有158条查询结果,搜索用时 644 毫秒
141.
José Gianottp Guillermo Stettler Ernesto Haggp Adriana Pajares Sonia G. Bertolotti Norman A. García 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):461-470
Nonylphenol (nonyl‐P) belongs to the classification of persistent organic pollutants. In this work we demonstrate that the contaminant suffers photooxygenation when exposed to visible light Eosin‐photosensitized irradiation. The mechanism was identified as a singlet molecular oxygen‐mediated photooxidation. Rate constants for the process, determined by time‐resolved phosphorescence detection of singlet molecular oxygen, are in the range 105‐107 M‐1 s‐1, depending on the characteristics of the reaction medium. The photooxidative process is more efficient when performed in highly polar alkaline medium. The aggregation of nonyl‐P molecules in pure water decreases the rates of sensitized photooxidation of nonyl‐P and also those of polychlorophenolic contaminants, employed as photooxidizable model compounds, when photolyzed in the presence of nonylphenol. These results are discussed in terms of a micellar effect. 相似文献
142.
The effects of nonylphenol (NP) were examined on brain gene expression profiles of F1 generation rats by means of microarray techniques. The mRNA were extracted from the brain of two-day-old F1 generation rats whose F0 male generation were treated with NP, then reversely transcribed to cDNA and labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 fluorescence. Subsequently, the cDNA probes were hybridized to the mouse 40S cDNA microarray and the fluorescent signals of Cy5 and Cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Sixteen identified genes were expressed significantly differently from control, including 13 down-regulated, of which five were related to brain energy metabolism. Data suggest that it is possible that NP affects function of energy metabolism in male rats when administered perinatally. 相似文献
143.
Bea V. Chang Bei W. Chiang Shaw Y. Yuan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):387-392
This study investigated the effects of various factors on the anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol (NP) in soil. The results show that the optimal pH for NP degradation was 7.0 and that the degradation rate was enhanced when the temperature was increased. The addition of compost enhanced NP degradation. The individual addition of the electron donors lactate, acetate, and pyruvate inhibited NP degradation. The high-to-low order of NP degradation rates under three anaerobic conditions was sulfate-reducing conditions > methanogenic conditions > nitrate-reducing conditions. The results show that sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogen, and eubacteria are involved in the anaerobic degradation of NP, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being a major component of the soil. Of the anaerobic strains isolated from the soil samples, strain AT3 expressed the best ability to biodegrade NP. 相似文献
144.
壬基酚在海河沉积物中的耗氧和厌氧降解 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了壬基酚(NP)在海河沉积物中的降解.结果表明,NP在沉积物的耗氧降解分为快速和慢速降解阶段,半衰期分别为3.20-9.87d和21.66-385.11d.NP在沉积物中的厌氧降解缓慢,降解半衰期为160.65-203.88d.加入电子受体NaNO3和Na2SO4促进了NP的厌氧降解,并且NaNO3促进作用较大.当沉积物中NP降低到一定浓度以后就很难继续降解,说明沉积物中一些活性吸附点位对NP的锁定作用降低了其生物有效性.盐度不利于NP的耗氧和厌氧降解. 相似文献
145.
Francisca Gomez-Rico M Font R Vera J Fuentes D Disante K Cortina J 《Chemosphere》2008,71(11):2129-2138
The degradation of two groups of organic pollutants in three different Mediterranean forest soils amended with sewage sludge was studied for nine months. The sewage sludge produced by a domestic water treatment plant was applied to soils developed from limestone, marl and sandstone, showing contrasting alkalinity and texture. The compounds analysed were: linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) with a 10–13 carbon alkylic chain, and nonylphenolic compounds, including nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates with one and two ethoxy groups (NP1EO + NP2EO). These compounds were studied because they frequently exceed the limits proposed for sludge application to land in Europe. After nine months, LAS decomposition was 86–96%, and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition was 61–84%, which can be considered high. Temporal trends in LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition were similar, and the concentrations of both types of compounds were highly correlated. The decomposition rates were higher in the period of 6–9 months (summer period) than in the period 0–6 months (winter + spring period) for total LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO. Differences in decay rates with regard to soil type were not significant. The average values of decay rates found are similar to those observed in agricultural soils. 相似文献
146.
Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children’s toys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ruth Stringer Iryna Labunska David Santillo Paul Johnston John Siddorn Angela Stephenson 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(1):27-36
This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical
additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for
many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections.
In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10–40%) of the total
weight of the toy.
The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates
identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate
(DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol
11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above.
Some of these data have been released previously by Greenpeace and made available on the internet.This report, however, which
is intended for a technically expert audience, has been peer reviewed and contains further analytical data that have not been
published before. 相似文献
147.
148.
为了研究双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)和壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)对河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)呼吸代谢能力和抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨BPA和NP对河蚬的毒性作用。以河蚬为受试生物,采用半静态染毒法,研究了BPA和NP对河蚬的单一毒性等级、联合毒性作用类型和对河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及抗氧化酶系统中SOD、CAT活性的影响。结果显示:① BPA、NP对河蚬的半致死质量浓度(96 h-LC50)分别为6.34和1.09 mg·L-1,毒性顺序为NP>BPA,二者均为高毒物质;② BPA-NP对河蚬毒性作用类型为协同作用;③亚急性毒性指标耗氧率、排氨率以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)对BPA、NP及二者混合物均比较敏感,在本试验的质量浓度范围内(BPA:0.63、0.79、1.59、3.17 mg·L-1;NP:0.109、0.136、0.271、0.542 mg·L-1;BPA+NP:(0.0782+0.029)、(0.0978+0.0363)、(0.196+0.0725)、(0.391+0.145) mg·L-1),河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及两种酶活性变化均呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势,其中在BPA、NP和二者混合物的质量浓度较低时,河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率、SOD和CAT活性只有微小降低,随着质量浓度的升高,河蚬耗氧率和排氨率、两个酶活性相对均有所升高,而在质量浓度极高时其耗氧率和排氨率以及两个酶活性才又受到显著性或极显著性的抑制。实验结果显示河蚬耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性对水体中酚类内分泌干扰物反应敏感,具有较好的一致性和规律性,耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性与其他敏感性指标一起可以作为酚类内分泌干扰物污染的一项早期监测指标。 相似文献
149.
150.
In order to determine the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on endocrine regulation-associated gene expression profiles in whole brain of F1 generation rats, mRNA extracted from the brain of 2-day old F1 generation rats whose F0 male generation was treated with NP. The mRNA was then reversely transcribed to cDNA and labeled with cy5 and cy3 fluorescence. Subsequently, cDNA probes were hybridized to the Mouse40S cDNA microarray and the fluorescent signals of cy5 and cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Sixteen genes were identified which expressed differently, including 13 that were down-regulated in which 4 were related to brain regulation of endocrine function. Data suggest that NP mainly affects metabolism and synthesis of steroid hormone in various ways and disturbs the reproductive function of male rats when administered perinatally. 相似文献