China＇s Land Carrying Capacity Based on Man-grain Relationships

With population growth and increasing pressure on land resources, land carrying capacity （LCC） and food safety have been attracting great attention worldwide. From the point of man-grain relationship and by establishing LCC and land carrying capacity index （LCCI） models, this article firstly analyzes the spatial-temporal dynamics of LCC of China from 1949 to 2005 at county, provincial and national levels. Choosing 2005 as a representative year, this article then evaluates the LCC of 264 pastoral regions （semipastoral regions）, 663 urban regions and 592 poverty stricken regions of the country. The results show that： （1） from 1949 to 2005, with the increase of grain production, the LCC of China has been improved conspicuously, but due to the rapid population growth, the production can only maintain a low level grain consumption; （2） over the past 25 years （1980-2005）, the number of population overloading provinces decreased from 23 to 15 and the mangrain relationship has been improved gradually, but there were more overloading provinces than surplus provinces in China; （3） at county level, there were 1572 overloading counties in 1980 accounting for 68.26% of the total counties of the country and where were 649 million people lived, while in 1990, 2000 and 2005, the number of overloading counties were 1066, 1133 and 1087 respectively, which shows that the man-grain relationship has been improved obviously during the past 25 years; as for spatial distribution, the surplus counties were mainly concentrated in agriculture developed regions, such as Northeast Plain, North China Plain, middle and lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, and overloading counties were mainly located in regions with poor natural environment and low grain production capacity, such as Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau and economically developed urban regions, such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai; （4） animal husbandry improved greatly the LCC of pastoral and semi-pastoral regions, while urban regions were overloading for increasing population pressure and more than half of poverty stricken regions were overloading due to critical natural environment and poor economic conditions.     

中国循环经济基本法立法架构研究

循环经济基本法立法架构的好与坏，不仅关系循环经济基本法的制定与出台，而且影响循环经济基本法的理解和执行。基于此。就循环经济基本法立法架构展开了综合研究，以期有助于中国循环经济基本法的制定与执行。在比较研究国外循环经济基本法立法架构与综合分析中国循环经济基本法立法架构研究现状的基础上，深入探讨中国循环经济的基本内涵以及中国循环经济基本法的基本定位与基本内容，进而提出一种新的中国循环经济基本法立法架构。从目前实践看，中国特色循环经济的内涵可以概括为是对生产和消费活动中物质能量流动方式的管理经济。中国循环经济建设应该从适度生产系统、适度消费系统和回收利用系统三个环节着手。根据经济基础决定上层建筑的基本原理，中国循环经济基本法作为一部环境友好型经济法以及具有一定强制性与制裁性的促进法，应当按照适度生产-适度消费-回收利用这条主线进行立法架构。     

中国建设占用耕地与经济增长的退耦研究

采用退耦研究方法，探讨了近年来中国建设占用耕地与经济增长之间的退耦关系。并归纳其空间分异特点，进而对中国最严格耕地保护政策的实施效果进行了评价。研究结果表明，1998—2005年中国及其多数省份建设占用耕地规模已呈现相对于经济增长、城镇化发展以及总人口增长的退耦过程。在空间上，耕地占用相对于经济增长的退耦程度呈现中部大于西部，西部大于东部的特征；相对于城镇化水平增长的退耦程度呈现中部大于西部．西部略大于东部的特征；相对于总人口增长的退耦程度则呈现东部大于中部．中部大于西部的特征。研究表明近年来中国最严格耕地保护政策实施的积极效果已逐渐显现，经济增长、城镇化和人口增长驱动下的耕地占用压力已有所缓解。     

Environment as the Stage for Economic Actors

The relative importance of economics and environment in debate may soon be reversed due to the influence of three fac- tors. Firstly, in the global economy it is hard to hide the unwanted products of economic processes. Secondly, huge advances in sci- ence will reduce the imperfect knowledge of markets, making some monitoring and analyzing tools show the design of sensible and equitable livelihood in communities, which is more important than the motivation of maximising profits for some individuals or firms. Thirdly, China, as the last major player on the planet to take on economic growth, comes from traditions fundamentally differ- ent from those economies that have experienced the Industrial Revolution previously. Its challenges with sustainability and en- vironmental conservation predate Western economics by millennia, and it is implementing policies domestically and starting to work on the world stage that acknowledges that the surroundings are the host for any economic and socio-political system.     

Spatial Variation and Space Optimization of the Development of China’s Circular Economy

China's circular economy is still at the initial stage, whose development has many difficulties and problems requiring immediate resolution theoretically and practically. Due to the differences of regions on the scale of land, endowment of resources, economic basis and cultural background, the developmental levels and capabilities of circular economy are inevitably different. Based on establishing the indicator system for assessing the developmental level of regional circular economy, spatial variation of China's circular economy is measured by the quantitative measurement using principal component analysis, and the existing problems are also analyzed and discussed. On one hand, the differences of the development capability of the circular economy of different provinces (cities) are profound in China; ①Difference between the first category (strong) and the second category (relatively strong) is 1.1264 points. Difference between the second category and the third category (relatively weak) is 0.3867 points. Difference between the third category and the fourth category (weak) is 1.0238 points. Difference between the first category and the fourth category reaches up to 2.0869 points. Average difference between the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively strong and the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively weak is 1.3617 points. ②The differences of the distribution of the areas, with different development capability of circular economy, which are located in the three economic regions of China, are also profound. The regions with a relatively strong development capability of circular economy are mainly located in the eastern economic area, which account for 22.58% of the whole regions, while only account for 12.90% in the middle and western economic areas. On the contrary, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy account for 48.39% in the middle and western area, while account for 16.13% in the eastern area. On the other hand, among regions with different development capability of circular economy, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy are in a dominant position, which accountfor 64.52% of all the provinces (cities), which indicates that the development of the China's circular economy still has a long way to go. Though certain achievements have been made in the development of China's circular economy, in general, there are still some obstacles to be tacked in the development of China's circular economy which require the economic, legal and administrative methods.     

2000年以来中国城市化的发展格局及其与经济发展的相关性

基于对城市化概念的认识,通过测算中国各城市的人口、经济和空间城市化率及其增长速度,运用Arcgis93支持下的热点分析方法,考察2000~2008年中国城市单元城市化水平增长的空间分布特征,揭示了中国城市化的空间模式,认为2000年以来中国的城市化发展热点仍然在东部沿海,主要围绕环渤海和珠三角两大城市化热点城市群,向东北、西北、西南等冷点区中心辐射、梯度推移;城市化的发展速度与地区经济发展水平有一定的空间相关性,但与经济增长格局有较大偏差,现有经济发展水平对于城市化的拉动作用相对经济增长更为明显;城市化空间格局的形成受自然、历史、政策、经济、人口等诸多因素的影响,其作用机制主要包含政府主导的“自上而下”和市场主导的“自下而上”两种道路,未来政府作用将逐渐弱化,推力的主动力地位将进一步强化     

1644~1911年影响华东沿海的台风发生频率重建

基于清代、民国期间多种历史文献中的风、雨、潮现象和“颶、颱”记载重建了1644~1911年影响今华东浙、沪、苏的台风频率序列 F 清代史料中记载了该区受263次台风影响,年均0.98次。功率谱和小波分析显示18世纪中期至20世纪初,4 a周期表现最为明显. F 与Nino3指数基本对应,反映出入境华东的台风对极端ENSO事件并不敏感,强LaNina年和强ElNino年入境本区的台风频率基本相同。研究时段内,在多年代际尺度上,北半球及中国东部地区的增暖会增加影响华东沿海的台风发生频率     

Seasonal variation and sources of derivatized phenols in atmospheric fine particulate matter in North China Plain

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of derivatized phenols in Beijing and in Xinglong were performed from 2016 to 2017 using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed substantially more severe pollution in Beijing.Of the 14 compounds detected,the total average concentration was 100 ng/m³ in Beijing,compared with 11.6 ng/m³ in Xinglong.More specifically,concentration of nitro-aromatic compounds(NACs)(81.9 ng/m³ in Beijing and 8.49 ng/m3 in Xinglong...     

美丽中国建设评估指标库设计与指标体系构建研究

美丽中国建设目标是基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标之一。科学监测和评估美丽中国建设目标的进展是确保实现远景目标的关键,也是目前开展美丽中国建设面临的困难和挑战之一。本文深入分析了美丽中国建设的思想内涵、理论基础和实践认识,提出美丽中国建设内涵丰富,其建设重点内容应突出绿色低碳、环境优良、生态良好、环境健康、生活环境等5个领域。在此基础上,明确了美丽中国建设评估指标库设计要考虑体现美丽中国建设主要领域、重点聚焦生态环境,充分衔接有关方面指标体系、充分吸收地方开展美丽中国建设指标体系等4个方面的思路,提出了指标库设计需要遵循战略导向性、科学合理性和动态差异性等3个方面的原则,构建了五大领域10个维度51项具体评估指标的美丽中国建设评估指标库,最后提出了通过采用剔除、替换、新增等3阶段指标筛选技术步骤,指导各地构建本地区开展美丽中国建设评估时的指标体系,以推动美丽中国建设从理念到实践、从目标到结果的实现。     

全球气候治理主体共同体化现状、问题与深化路径

在全球治理和国际秩序加速变革等大变局背景下,全球气候治理体系和秩序正在经历深刻变化。全球气候问题需要全球气候治理的主体去认知与改造,主体在全球气候治理进程中有着关键性影响。当前全球气候治理主体的内涵和外延在持续变化,最值得关注的变化就是全球气候治理主体走向共同体化,并且正在形成一种规范。全球气候治理主体间在利益、责任与命运关系的演化,对更大范围的、更深程度的主体关系提出了新要求。本文基于近年来全球气候治理实践,分析了全球气候治理主体共同体及其关系的发展情况与趋势,同时分析人类命运共同体如何引导全球气候治理主体共同体及其关系,以更好聚焦国际社会应对气候变化的首要因素,开启全球应对气候变化新征程。