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121.
Suwei Zhang Qijie Zhang Armand Albergel Didier Buty Liangmin Yu Haiting Wang Wuxia Bi Peng Cheng Fu Chen Jun Fang Ruirui Hou Xudong Luan Changgan Shu Jingjing Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):119-126
Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone. 相似文献
122.
基于断裂力学和重整化群理论,采用综合研究方法,从宏细观角度对开采扰动底板损伤岩层动态失稳机理进行了研究。结果表明,煤层回采后,底板岩层存在高应力束组成的主应力拱,最大主应力大小决定裂纹的起裂与扩展,裂纹的生长路径受控于最大主应力的方向。采场高支承压力引起岩层原始裂纹起裂,宏观上表现为底板岩层的预先剪切随机破坏;近场区域最大主应力场部分偏转,引起底板岩层中垂直应力显著降低、浅部水平应力急剧增加和斜向采空区方向产生高剪应力,迫使裂隙在原有扩展长度基础上进一步生长;工作面继续推进,采空区内底板岩层水平方向上压缩和竖向膨胀引起岩层拉破坏,当底板岩层损伤发展到临近损伤值时,极小范围的扰动被强烈放大,底板岩层由随机破坏转为"雪崩"式宏观断裂。 相似文献
123.
介绍了产业生态学的兴起,阐述了作为一门交叉学科,产业生态学广泛吸取了其他学科的理论和方法,例如生态学中的系统演化理论、经济学中的投入产出分析方法等,并在这些理论和方法的基础上,形成了自身的理论和方法体系,其中包括物质和能量流分析、生态效率、生产者责任延伸制、产品导向的环境政策等。提出随着这些理论和方法研究的不断完善和深入,产业生态学将广泛用于企业、区域、国家甚至全球层面上,在更广的领域和范围内发挥积极作用。 相似文献
124.
125.
滨海湿地是全球环境变化最为敏感的地区之一,了解其海堤演化和土地利用变化可为湿地资源的可持续利用和管理提供依据。利用1983年的1∶5万土地利用图和2001年的ETM遥感影像为基础数据源,分析了1983年和2001年该区海堤的演化和土地利用的变化情况。研究结果表明,1983年和2001年海岸带从南到北呈现由淤涨型向侵蚀型过渡的变化特征,海堤长度呈缩短状态;土地利用类型以光滩、耕地及盐田为主,变化趋势是盐田、芦苇地和耕地逐渐在增加,盐蒿滩、园林地逐渐在减少。通过分析,表明人类活动对滨海湿地土地利用格局的影响明显。 相似文献
126.
Keeping the blood flowing—plasminogen activator genes and feeding behavior in vampire bats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tellgren-Roth A Dittmar K Massey SE Kemi C Tellgren-Roth C Savolainen P Lyons LA Liberles DA 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(1):39-47
The blood feeding vampire bats emerged from New World leaf-nosed bats that fed on fruit and insects. Plasminogen activator,
a serine protease that regulates blood coagulation, is known to be expressed in the saliva of Desmodus rotundus (common vampire bat) and is thought to be a key enzyme for the emergence of blood feeding in vampire bats. To better understand
the evolution of this biological function, we studied the plasminogen activator (PA) genes from all vampire bat species in
light of their feeding transition to bird and subsequently mammalian blood. We include the rare species Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi, where plasminogen activator had not previously been studied and demonstrate that PA gene duplication observed in Desmodus is not essential to the vampire phenotype, but relates to the emergence of predominant mammalian blood feeding in this species.
Plasminogen activator has evolved through gene duplication, domain loss, and sequence evolution leading to change in fibrin-specificity
and susceptibility to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Before undertaking this study, only the four plasminogen activator
isoforms from Desmodus were known. The evolution of vampire bat plasminogen activators can now be linked phylogenetically to the transition in feeding
behavior among vampire bat species from bird to mammalian blood.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
127.
基于复杂自适应系统理论构建了社会经济环境系统模型,采用计算实验方法模拟分析了太湖流域在经济优先和水环境保护优先2种管理模式下的动态演化过程,得到了农业与工业经济发展水平、就业状况和水环境改善情况的演化规律.结果表明,在综合考虑社会、经济、水环境的基础上,2种管理模式均能在一定程度上实现经济和就业的增长,同时改善水环境.环境保护优先模式虽能有效保护水环境,却会牺牲部分经济发展和就业保证.不同地区在演化过程中表现出差异性,常州和湖州经济获得较快增长;苏州、上海在就业方面做出较大贡献;无锡和苏州水环境改善效果最为明显. 相似文献
128.
Audition in insects is of polyphyletic origin. Tympanal ears derived from proprioceptive or vibratory receptor organs, but many questions of the evolution of insect auditory systems are still open. Despite the rather typical bauplan of the insect body, e.g., with a fixed number of segments, tympanal ears evolved at very different places, but only ensiferans have ears at the foreleg tibia, located in the tibial organ. The homology and monophyly of ensiferan ears is controversial, and no precursor organ was unambiguously identified for auditory receptors. The latter can only be identified by comparative study of recent atympanate taxa. These atympanate taxa are poorly investigated. In this paper, we report the neuroanatomy of the tibial organ of Comicus calcaris (Irish 1986), an atympanate Schizodactylid (splay-footed cricket). This representative of a Gondwana relict group has a tripartite sensory organ, homologous to tettigoniid ears. A comparison with morphology-based cladistic phylogeny indicates that the tripartite neuronal organization present in the majority of Tettigonioidea presumably preceded evolution of a hearing sense in the Tettigonioidea. Furthermore, the absence of a tripartite organ in Grylloidea argues against a monophyletic origin and homology of the cricket and katydid ears. The tracheal attachment of sensory neurons typical for ears of Tettigonioidea is present in C. calcaris and may have facilitated cooption for auditory function. The functional auditory organ was presumably formed in evolution by successive non-neural modifications of trachea and tympana. This first investigation of the neuroanatomy of Schizodactylidae suggests a non-auditory chordotonal organ as the precursor for auditory receptors of related tympanate taxa and adds evidence for the phylogenetic position of the group. 相似文献
129.
近50a来三亚鹿回头石珊瑚物种多样性的演变特征及其环境意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
2005~2006年三亚鹿回头珊瑚礁现状调查共记录石珊瑚13科24属69种,礁坪以滨珊瑚占绝对优势(重要值百分比>50%),礁坡以鹿角珊瑚最占优势(28.33%).Pielou、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数值均高于礁坪.对比历史资料发现近50 a来该岸段珊瑚礁呈衰退趋势:七世纪五六十年代该岸段珊瑚种类繁多、群落垂直分带,生物多样性较高;20世纪七八十年代礁坪已不见成片的活珊瑚,礁坡繁茂程度降低;20世纪90年代珊瑚种类虽仍比较丰富,但总体多样性下降;本次研究显示澄黄滨珊瑚已成为礁坪优势种,鹿角珊瑚在礁坡的优势度降低,物种多样性继续缩减.过度捕捞、大规模挖礁、海上和沿岸养殖等人类活动是造成该岸段珊瑚礁现有衰退的主要原凶,三亚河和近海上程建设带来的泥沙和污染物以及正向鹿回头扩展的潜水旅游可能是影响其发展的潜在威胁. 相似文献
130.
运用耦合协调模型和空间相关性模型研究了2006—2016年53个沿海城市的经济发展与生态环境协调关系的时空演变趋势、重心迁移、空间相关性。结果表明:我国沿海城市经济发展与生态环境的协调发展状况总体呈向好态势,但总体协调度不高,仍处于协调发展的初级阶段;协调度发展存在严重的空间不均衡性,且呈逐步扩大态势,高值区域主要分布在省会城市和计划单列市,而其他大部分城市仍处于失调状态;2006—2016年协调度重心均位于浙江省金华市,并逐步向西南方向迁移;全局Moran’s I指数和局部Moran散点图显示协调度在空间上呈现明显的正相关,空间集聚性较强。 相似文献