基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别及成因分析——以江苏省为例

基于旅游网站数据,提出一种乡村旅游热点识别方法,以江苏省为例,运用趋势面、核密度、热点分析等方法探寻乡村旅游冷热格局及演变特征,并借助地理探测器揭示其时空演化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)江苏省乡村旅游热度的时间演化规律明显,年际变化呈"S"型演变轨迹;季节变化呈"三峰四谷"特征。(2)江苏省乡村旅游热度的空间结构在2009—2017年间经历了"单核—双核—三核"的演化过程,但其空间异质性依然显著,整体表现为"南高北低,东高西低"的差异特征。(3)影响因素在不同时段的影响强度各异,交通条件、服务能力一直是主导因素,经济水平对乡村旅游发展早期的热度提升有显著影响,资源禀赋的显著性趋于下降,生态环境和政府导向的影响力逐渐增强。基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别为乡村旅游定量研究提供了新的研究视角,对乡村旅游资源开发与区域合作具有重要的指导意义。     

A genoscape-network model for conservation prioritization in a migratory bird

Migratory animals are declining worldwide and coordinated conservation efforts are needed to reverse current trends. We devised a novel genoscape-network model that combines genetic analyses with species distribution modeling and demographic data to overcome challenges with conceptualizing alternative risk factors in migratory species across their full annual cycle. We applied our method to the long distance, Neotropical migratory bird, Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla). Despite a lack of data from some wintering locations, we demonstrated how the results can be used to help prioritize conservation of breeding and wintering areas. For example, we showed that when genetic, demographic, and network modeling results were considered together it became clear that conservation recommendations will differ depending on whether the goal is to preserve unique genetic lineages or the largest number of birds per unit area. More specifically, if preservation of genetic lineages is the goal, then limited resources should be focused on preserving habitat in the California Sierra, Basin Rockies, or Coastal California, where the 3 most vulnerable genetic lineages breed, or in western Mexico, where 2 of the 3 most vulnerable lineages overwinter. Alternatively, if preservation of the largest number of individuals per unit area is the goal, then limited conservation dollars should be placed in the Pacific Northwest or Central America, where densities are estimated to be the highest. Overall, our results demonstrated the utility of adopting a genetically based network model for integrating multiple types of data across vast geographic scales and better inform conservation decision-making for migratory animals.     

花岗岩颗粒流模型循环压缩作用下裂纹特征分析

为了分析花岗岩颗粒流模型循环作用下的裂纹特征，基于花岗岩单轴压缩试验得到的应力应变曲线，完成了PFC3D数值试验的参数标定，探讨了不同循环次数下数值试件内部裂纹数目、分布和角度的变化规律。研究结果表明:平行黏结模型能够正确表达花岗岩的主要力学性质；在数值试验加载至破坏过程中，裂纹数目以应力应变曲线峰值点为分界，峰后阶段产生的裂纹数占总裂纹数的60%~90%;张剪裂纹最初产生于试件两端，随着加载进行，裂纹向着试件中部发展贯通，最终形成宏观剪切破坏带；剪切裂纹的角度分布方向明显，与轴向加载方向相同；张拉裂纹角度分布则在轴向加载方向和水平方向上略显集中。研究结果可为矿山安全回采矿柱提供依据。     

吐鲁番盆地水资源持续利用研究

吐鲁番盆地是中国陆地最低的山间盆地，也是新疆水资源量最少的地区之一。其水资源开发利用及其引起的环境变化，是关系到该区持续发展的关键问题。本文从合理利用水资源的角度着重分析了吐鲁番地区水资源开发模式及带来的环境问题，并提出了今后水资源持续利用的途径。     

高氮营养增高厚果含笑叶片的叶黄素介导热耗散研究

厚果含笑(Michelialacei)生长在供给6mmolL-1NO3-(高氮)和2mmolL-1NO3-(低氮)Hoagland溶液的盆栽土中,利用PAM-2100叶绿素荧光仪、Licor-6400LCF荧光叶室和WatersHPLC分别测定叶绿素a荧光参数和类胡萝卜素组分,研究氮营养对光系统II(PSII)光化效率和光或暗下热耗散过程的影响.结果表明,在自然光日进程中叶片的开启PSII反应中心的内在量子效率(Fv/Fm)随光辐射增强而降低.低氮叶片Fv/Fm较高氮叶片降低明显(P<0.05).低氮叶片表现较明显的光抑制现象,反映低氮叶片对光抑制比高氮叶片敏感.高氮叶片比低氮叶片有低的PSII光化效率(ΦPSⅡ,P<0.05).高氮叶片依赖光的ΔpH和叶黄素介导的热耗散效率(ΦNPQ)和光下热耗散速率(JNPQ)则较低氮叶片高(P<0.05),结果反映高氮营养增进光下热耗散效率和速率.高氮叶片的紫黄质(A) 玉米黄质(Z)和叶黄素循环色素的转换态(A Z/V A Z)则较低氮叶片高(P<0.05).高氮叶片有较高光下热耗散(NPQ)和相应较高的(A Z)或(A Z/V A Z),叶片通过叶黄素循环色素以热的形式耗散过剩能;而低氮叶片表现高的总荧光淬灭和暗下热耗散.充足氮叶片有较低的光化效率,增高了光呼吸,并通过增强通过叶黄素循环色素的大量耗散过剩能.结果显示,过量氮输入将降低植物光能利用效率.图6表3参28     

Who can be morally obligated to be a vegetarian?

Kathryn Paxton George has recently argued that vegetarianism cannot be a moral obligation for most human beings, even if Tom Regan is correct in arguing that humans and certain nonhuman animals are equally inherently valuable. She holds that Regan's liberty principle permits humans to kill and eat innocent others who have a right to life, provided that doing so prevents humans from being made worse off. George maintains that obstaining from meat and dairy products would in fact make most humans worse off. I argue that Regan's liberty principle either contradicts his equal rights view or does not permit the slaughter of another for food. I show that a different view recognizing the moral rights of nonhumans but according them less value than normal adult humans, the unequal rights view, would permit such action if human survival or health depended upon it. However, it would also permit the slaughter of innocent humans in the same circumstances. Finally, I argue that current nutritional research does not support George's contention that most humans would suffer if they ceased eating other animals and their products.     

西藏措勤地区年波组岩石地球化学特征

林子宗群年波组为始新世火山岩地层,岩性主要为一套中-酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩,局部夹淡水灰岩.野外地质调查和室内岩石学、岩石地球化学等综合研究成果显示这些岩石属钙碱性系列岩石,不相容元素K、Rb、Ba、Th强烈富集和Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素明显亏损等特征,且明显受区域断裂构造控制,与区域构造演化有密切的内在联系.研究这一地史时期的火山岩的分布、产状、岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素年代学,对于进一步认识青藏高原的形成和隆升不仅具有重要的科学意义,而且将为探寻与火山活动有关的矿产资源提供基础地质资料.     

中国农业碳排放的空间分异与动态演进——基于空间和非参数估计方法的实证研究

为研究农业碳排放的空间分布与动态演进规律，运用1993~2017年中国大陆29个省份的面板数据，在分省测算农业碳排放量和农业碳排放强度的基础上，将空间和非参数估计方法相结合，考察了中国农业碳排放的空间分异及其动态演进.结果表明：中国农业碳排放量呈“中心-外围”模式分布，且表现出向“外围”扩散的趋势；碳排放强度呈逐渐下降的趋势，表现为西高东低的阶梯状分布特征；碳排放的地区间差距不断缩小，农业碳排放的增长分布由“二主一小”向“一主”的格局转变，与此同时，中国农业碳排放还表现出由“两极”向“多极”转变的分布格局.     

陕西三河湿地的演化与保护

陕西三河湿地位于陕西关中平原的东缘,是典型的河流温地.根据三河湿地发育的地貌、水文、植被、土壤、生物等自然背景特征,将湿地类型划分成系、类和种3个层次.在此基础上分析了三河湿地的演化,由于自然与人为因影响相互叠加,使湿地退化过程加速,针对目前湿地现状提出湿地资源保护与可持续利用的建议与对策.     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩K-Ar定年及其地质意义

对马里亚纳海槽弧后扩张脊上所采集的玄武岩样品进行了系统的K -Ar定年 ,同时结合研究玄武岩的微量元素以及稀土元素特征后指出 ,马里亚纳海槽的张开及与之伴随发生的玄武岩浆活动自晚中新世以来一直都在进行 ,其主活动期为 2～ 4Ma。海槽玄武岩年龄在空间上具有从南到北逐渐变新的演化规律。据此 ,推断该海槽的扩张演化可能受控于该区内热区的迁移及运动规律