新冠疫情背景下建筑从业人员统计生命价值研究

为研究建筑职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的统计生命价值(VOSL),以成都市建筑从业者为对象采集数据,基于生存分析处理删失数据的特性,运用二分式条件价值法(CVM)和Kaplan-Meier法测算不同背景下的VOSL,运用COX回归对VOSL影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明：成都市建筑从业者在职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的VOSL分别为429.472,459.079万元,生命价值评估具有情境依赖性且存在“引导悖论”;2种风险背景下受访者学历、月收入及安全重视程度的提高均会增强支付意愿,而安全满意程度的提高则会降低支付意愿;职业风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为安全设备保障满意程度、重视程度和学历,新冠疫情风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为卫生安全重视程度、学历和月收入。     

Assessment of the degree of rancidity on reused oils in university cafeterias,and public awareness

In this study, reused sunflower cooking oil was investigated for rancidity. Three student cafeterias at the University of Dodoma (UDOM) were used for this particular study. Oil samples were analyzed at the University of Dodoma laboratories. Results showed that all parameters were beyond permissible limits by WHO/FAO standards. Acid values ranged between 0.841 and 4.319 mg KOH/g oil, which is beyond the allowable limits by WHO/FAO (0.6 mg KOH/g oil). Peroxide values were found to be 19.5 mill eq O₂/kg oil (minimum), and 62 mill eq O₂/kg oil (maximum), which are both above the recommended limits by WHO/FAO (10 mill eq O₂/kg oil). Iodine values were found to be from 102.87 to 48.26-g I₂/100 g oil, and were all beyond the recommended limits by WHO/FAO, of between 118- and 141-g I₂/100 g oil. The study has further revealed that the number of customers that are saved by the three cafeterias exceeds the capacity of the cafeterias. This study also found out that many students (almost 74%) are not aware on general knowledge about rancidity, including health effects of using rancid oils. It is therefore recommended to the national regulatory authorities to formulate strict regulations to guide and control oil rancidity.     

耕地资源价值重建及其货币化评价——以青岛市为例

耕地价值具有多元性,其生态价值和社会价值等非市场价值往往在决策中被忽视,从而导致大量耕地资源被过度地开发及低效利用。科学系统地评价耕地价值是促进耕地资源持续利用的关键。论文以青岛市为例,借鉴资源经济学的市场价值法、替代市场法及成果参照法等研究方法,重建了耕地资源价值体系,并对耕地各项服务功能价值逐一进行了货币化评价。研究结果表明：①青岛市耕地每年提供的服务功能价值高达2.544 1×10¹⁰元,相当于青岛当年地区生产总值的16.76%,是显化的耕地经济价值的4.3倍,若将耕地每年提供的服务功能价值纳入耕地资源利用决策体系,必将有效地抑制过度占用耕地的投资冲动;②青岛市的耕地价值以社会价值为主,占其总价值的50.59%,而经济价值和生态价值分别占其总价值的23.38%和26.03%,其中,耕地的社会价值主要体现在维护社会稳定功能上,占其社会价值的82%;③青岛市的耕地征用补偿标准明显偏低,作为耕地保护主体的农民获得的补偿尚不到工业用地出让价格的10%;④应重新审视“耕地占补平衡”政策的生态环境效应,青岛市为实现区域内耕地总量动态平衡至少付出了3.46×109元（还原利率5%计）的生态代价。     

环境价值链分析在钢铁行业的应用

提出一种环境价值链分析方法,以英国钢铁物流为例进行环境价值链分析,并对我国钢铁行业价值链问题进行分析,结果发现:价值链分析是一种有活力的方法,在探索经济-环境交界面的多种方法中,是物流分析和生命周期分析的一种有利的补充,很有可能被广泛应用。     

Developmental stress impairs song complexity but not learning accuracy in non-domesticated zebra finches (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taeniopygia guttata</Emphasis>)

Food restrictions early in life can have adverse effects on the development of adult avian song structure. Nutritional deficiencies during brain development are thought to impair the growth of neural circuits responsible for learning and production of song in adulthood. Thus, the quality of song may reflect the quality of the singer due to the costs associated with neural development early in life. Recent investigations have focused on domesticated laboratory strains of zebra finches where early dietary deficiencies have significantly reduced the complexity of song and its sexual attractiveness. Domesticated zebra finches may be more sensitive to the early effects of moderate under-nutrition on song complexity than their non-domesticated counterparts. In an aviary experiment with non-domesticated zebra finch stock, we found that song complexity when measured by a linear combination of six variables was reduced in food-restricted birds, with syllable rate and maximum syllable frequency as the principal variables affected. The restriction had no effect on learning accuracy when song phrases of experimental birds were compared to those of their fathers.This result demonstrates that early nutrition may differentially affect the development of neural processes that influence learning accuracy and song complexity. While the finding of negative effects of dietary restriction on song complexity is robust for zebra finches and is not an artefact of domestication, it does not explain why some nutritionally stressed populations of wild zebra finches have more complex songs than those from other regions of Australia characterised by greater food availability.     

Resource defense polygyny shifts to female defense polygyny over the course of the reproductive season of a Neotropical harvestman

Although studies classify the polygynous mating system of a given species into female defense polygyny (FDP) or resource defense polygyny (RDP), the boundary between these two categories is often slight. Males of some species may even shift between these two types of polygyny in response to temporal variation in social and environmental conditions. Here, we examine the mating system of the Neotropical harvestman Acutisoma proximum and, in order to assess if mate acquisition in males corresponds to FDP or RDP, we tested four contrasting predictions derived from the mating system theory. At the beginning of the reproductive season, males fight with other males for the possession of territories on the vegetation where females will later oviposit, as expected in RDP. Females present a marked preference for specific host plant species, and males establish their territories in areas where these host plants are specially abundant, which is also expected in RDP. Later in the reproductive season, males reduce their patrolling activity and focus on defending individual females that are ovipositing inside their territories, as what occurs in FDP. This is the first described case of an arachnid that exhibits a shift in mating system over the reproductive season, revealing that we should be cautious when defining the mating system of a species based on few observations concentrated in a brief period. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Improving human micronutrient nutrition through biofortification in the soil–plant system: China as a case study

Micronutrient malnutrition is a major health problem in China. According to a national nutritional survey, approximately 24% of all Chinese children suffer from a serious deficiency of iron (Fe) (anemia), while over 50% show a sub-clinical level of zinc (Zn) deficiency. More than 374 million people in China suffer from goiter disease, which is related to iodine (I) deficiency, and approximately 20% of the Chinese population are affected by selenium (Se) deficiency. Micronutrient malnutrition in humans is derived from deficiencies of these elements in soils and foods. In China, approximately 40% of the total land area is deficient in Fe and Zn. Keshan and Kaschin-Beck diseases always appear in regions where the soil content of Se in low. The soil–plant system is instrumental to human nutrition and forms the basis of the “food chain” in which there is micronutrient cycling, resulting in an ecologically sound and sustainable flow of micronutrients. Soil-plant system strategies that have been adopted to improve human micronutrient nutrition mainly include: (1) exploiting micronutrient-dense crop genotypes by studying the physiology and genetics of micronutrient flow from soils to the edible parts of crops; (2) improving micronutrient bioavailability through a better knowledge of the mechanisms of the enhancers’ production and accumulation in edible parts and its regulation through soil-plant system; (3) improving our knowledge of the relationship between the content and bioavailability of micronutrients in soils and those in edible crop products for better human nutrition; (4) developing special micronutrient fertilizers and integrated nutrient management technologies for increasing both the density of the micronutrients in the edible parts of plants and their bioavailability to humans.     

草场蝗虫的种群密度与受害程度及经济阈值的探讨

以野外实测为基础,应用统计学方法,探讨了天山北坡中段草场蝗虫虫口密度与草场产量的关系,并依此建立了半荒漠草场意大利蝗虫危害防治的经济阈值,即69头／m23令前意大利蝗虫。     

非活性菌丝体对水中铅离子的吸附

从发酵工业选取９种废弃的菌丝体,考察其对水中Ｐｂ离子的吸附行为。结果表明,其中半数菌丝体为Ｐｂ的最大吸附量接近或超过１００ｍｇ／ｇ干重,对林可链霉菌的吸附等温线和ｐＨ值、温度、共存离子等因素影响Ｐｂ离子吸附行为的研究表明,该菌丝体对Ｐｂ的吸附量随ｐＨ降低而升高,温度对吸附的影响不大,共存Ｃｕ＾２＋使Ｐｂ的吸附量降低,而共存Ｚｎ＾２＋无明显影响。     

上海工业区环境空气VOCs预警值及特征物种筛选方法研究

在上海市大气污染物排放标准的基础上,结合国家相关标准提出了工业区环境空气中47项VOCs指标的预警值。根据VOCs污染物的有毒有害性和异味特征、浓度特征和光化学活性特征,分别定义了T-特征污染物、C-特征污染物和O-特征污染物,并提出了各类特征污染物的筛选方法。将VOCs预警值和特征污染物筛选方法应用于上海市工业园区在线监测点,结果显示预警值较为适用,可以达到较好的预警目标;特征污染物筛选结果合理,且能从不同角度反映各站点周边污染源特征。