崇明东滩不同部位的季节性沉积研究

2002年4月至2003年4月,通过对崇明东滩南部、中部和北部的标志桩观测以及实地观测分析,发现崇明东滩在一年中不同季节冲淤变化过程存在很大差异：春季到夏季,南部以冲刷为主,中部和北部以淤积为主;夏季到秋季,南部和中部以淤积为主,北部表现为冲刷;秋季到冬季,南部、中部和北部都以冲刷为主;头一年冬季到次年春季,南部和北部以淤积为主,中部则表现为冲刷。在同一观测路线上,不同季节高、中、低潮滩冲淤也存在一定差异。通过对沉积物粒度、水体含沙量等指标的测试,并借助潮差等资料,探究了影响潮滩季节性沉积的因素,发现潮滩季节性沉积与潮滩基础地貌、水体含沙量、水动力、潮流等有密切关系;但在不同部位不同季节,各因素对潮滩冲淤影响程度各不相同。     

Approximating the distribution of recreational visits from on-site survey data

While convenient and often used, on-site surveys are biased by the fact that users who visit the site more often are proportionately more likely to be sampled. This so-called avidity or size biased sampling results in over-estimating the visitation patterns of the average user. This analysis develops a rule of thumb method that may easily be applied by recreation site managers to visitation data collected on-site in order to infer behavior of the average user of the site. The key assumption that drives the derivation is that the visitation data of users is logarithmically distributed. To evaluate the methodology, we analyze several data sets of recreational users assuming that they reflect the populations of users and from these construct hypothetical on-site samples.     

南通台核旋观测干扰的排除

针对南通地震台核旋观测的干扰 ,通过多种试验最终加以排除。这项工作表明 ,地震台站环境改造中要注意监测环境的保护 ,特别是铠装电缆的铺设要考虑到对磁、电观测的影响 ,并就如何进一步提高核旋的观测质量提出建议。     

空间分辨率与精度协同改进的卫星AOD产品降尺度模型

针对现有卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品空间分辨率和精度往往难以满足大气污染精细治理实际需求,提出了一种耦合偏差校正的统计降尺度改进模型(SDBC).该模型基于“空间尺度不变性假设”引入相关驱动因子的额外空间信息实现AOD降尺度,并在此基础上通过偏差校正进一步提升降尺度产品的精度.以1km分辨率MAIAC AOD产品为例,在北京、大湾区、台湾岛3个典型地区开展模型验证.结果表明:(1)DEM、NDVI、人口数量和土地覆盖是影响AOD变化的细节因子,在SDBC空间降尺度过程中引入可将AOD产品的空间分辨率有效提升至500m,且降尺度产品验证R2最高可达0.88;(2)顾及卫星观测几何、质量标识、大气水蒸气柱、气溶胶模式等因子的偏差校正则可进一步提升降尺度AOD产品的精度,3个地区的验证R2均在0.85以上,最高可达0.93;(3)信息熵评估结果显示SDBC模型生成的500m AOD产品提高了原始MAIAC AOD产品的空间信息量.在保留了公里级产品AOD的空间分布格局的基础上,SDBC产品也增强了细节和纹理特征、改善了边界现象和马赛克效应.研究结果证实SDBC模型能有效协同改进现有卫星A...     

基于SOF-FTIR方法走航观测南京市重点区域特征挥发性有机物

介绍了污染源挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放的常用监测方法,以及基于红外掩日通量-傅里叶变换红外光谱(SOF-FTIR)的走航观测系统结构与测试原理。以2014年南京青奥会期间对一些重点区域VOCs的走航观测为例,提出了借鉴前期现状调查结果,结合手工采样分析,确定特征目标组分的监测方案。观测结果表明,该方法在柱浓度监测和排放总量核算方面具有一定优势,不足之处在于受日照条件、走航速度和路况、地面风速限制,测量时需避开不利因素影响。     

深部“三软”高应力软岩巷道卸压耦合支护技术

为解决杨河煤业高应力软岩巷道的支护问题,对杨河煤业深部软沿巷道变形破坏特征及原因进行分析,提出支架-锚杆-围岩卸压耦合支护技术,并结合42轨道下山试验巷道对耦合卸压支护技术参数进行阐述,通过矿压观测结果可知:42轨道下山在采用卸压耦合支护技术后,有效控制了巷道强烈变形。     

Are older drivers’ driving patterns during an on-road driving task representative of their real-world driving patterns?

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated whether older drivers’ driving patterns during a customized on-road driving task were representative of their real-world driving patterns.

Methods: Two hundred and eight participants (male: 68.80%; mean age?=?81.52 years, SD?=?3.37 years, range?=?76.00–96.00 years) completed a customized on-road driving task that commenced from their home and was conducted in their own vehicle. Participants’ real-world driving patterns for the preceding 4-month period were also collected via an in-car recording device (ICRD) that was installed in each participant’s vehicle.

Results: During the 4-month period prior to completing the on-road driving task, participants’ median real-world driving trip distance was 2.66?km (interquartile range [IQR]?=?1.14–5.79?km) and their median on-road driving task trip distance was 4.41?km (IQR?=?2.83–6.35?km). Most participants’ on-road driving task trip distances were classified as representative of their real-world driving trip distances (95.2%, n?=?198).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that most older drivers were able to devise a driving route that was representative of their real-world driving trip distance. Future research will examine whether additional aspects of the on-road driving task (e.g., average speed, proportion of trips in different speed zones) are representative of participants’ real-world driving patterns.     

安徽嘉山台的多极距电阻率观测

利用1990年以来安徽嘉山台的多极距电阻率观测资料进行反演分析，结果显示： 嘉山台的浅层(第一层)电阻率变化幅度最大，认为是受气象和灌溉等因素的干扰； 第二层变化幅度迅速减小； 第三层变化平稳； 深层(第四层)电阻率变化幅度比二、 三层大，可能与层厚为∝有关，原因尚须进一步研究。     

水化前兆观测的探讨和反思

从水文地球化学的角度说明利用水化组分预报地震是可行的 ,并以历次地震的震例说明水化组分具有映震能力 ,进而对映震组分的不灵敏原因作了探讨。并就今后如何利用水化观测手段进行地震预报的分析研究提出几点建议。     

环境评价污染气象观测与分析的几个问题

就实际环评工作中污染气象观测与分析中资料的选取与分析,地面常规气象资料的统计与分析,大气边界层观测与分析等几个问题提出了看法和建议。