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Alexander M. Kusmanoff Fiona Fidler Ascelin Gordon Georgia E. Garrard Sarah A. Bekessy 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1131-1141
Communication and advocacy approaches that influence attitudes and behaviors are key to addressing conservation problems, and the way an issue is framed can affect how people view, judge, and respond to an issue. Responses to conservation interventions can also be influenced by subtle wording changes in statements that may appeal to different values, activate social norms, influence a person's affect or mood, or trigger certain biases, each of which can differently influence the resulting engagement, attitudes, and behavior. We contend that by strategically considering how conservation communications are framed, they can be made more effective with little or no additional cost. Key framing considerations include, emphasizing things that matter to the audience, evoking helpful social norms, reducing psychological distance, leveraging useful biases, and, where practicable, testing messages. These lessons will help communicators think strategically about how to frame messages for greater effect. 相似文献
83.
Ellen W. Stevens 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(6):1057-1068
ABSTRACT: The ability to predict extreme floods is an important part of the planning process for any water project for which failure will be very costly. The length of a gage record available for use in estimating extreme flows is generally much shorter than the recurrence interval of the desired flows, resulting in estimates having a high degree of uncertainty. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the three parameter lognormal (3PLN) distribution, which make use of historical data, are presented. A Monte Carlo study of extreme flows estimated from samples drawn from three hypothetical 3PLN populations showed that inclusion of historical flows with the gage record reduced the bias and variance of extreme flow estimates. Asymptotic theory approximations of parameter variances and covariances calculated using the second and mixed partial derivatives of the log likelihood function agreed well with Monte Carlo results. First order approximations of the standard deviations of the extreme flow estimates did not agree with the Monte Carlo results. An alternative method for calculating those standard deviations, the “asymptotic simulation” method, is described. The standard deviations calculated by asymptotic simulation agree well with the Monte Carlo results. 相似文献
84.
本文从地震观测环境的概念入手,具体阐述了地震观测环境保护范围的划定;地震观测环境保护的重要性、现状以及加强地震观测环境保护的建议。 相似文献
85.
呼和浩特的激光雷达自2003年设置以来不间断地进行着测定。观测结果表明2005年春季沙尘发生次数较少。从1月到5月只观测到5次,其中3次发生在4月份。2004年的沙尘季节出现较早,在3月份就发生过多次。与其相比今年沙尘发生的季节较晚。在所有发生的沙尘现象中最大规模的沙尘现象发生在2005年4月28—29日。激光雷达观测到的消光系数超过2km^-1。(相当于重量浓度为3.5mg/m^3)该沙尘层的高度达到2km,沙尘浓度最高的区域分布在自地面至1km高处。(北京的观测结果表明,在高度2km附近有漂浮的沙尘层。另外,利用CFORS模型模拟的后向轨迹线的解析结果推断其发生源在蒙古南部地区。2005年的特征是在中国境内产生的次数较少,在蒙古发生的次数较多。因此,推断这主要是由于蒙古国境内积雪较少的原因所致。) 相似文献
86.
经过对PH玻璃电极对比观测实验,总结其在日常观测中衰减变化规律,以及PH电极失效前所具有的特征;讨论了对现有PH观测数据进行修正的方法,并编著相关修正程序;分析日常存在的测量误差,提出提高观测精度的措施。 相似文献
87.
王雪莹 《防灾科技学院学报》2006,8(3):61-64
地壳形变是地震最直接的伴随现象,在孕震过程中会出现形变前兆的阶段性特征,查阅2003年淮北台、泾县台水平摆及自记水管仪观测原始记录曲线,发现在中强以上地震前后,能记录到“加粗扰动”、“散点”等异常形态。这些信息对于地震研究和地震预测预报具有参考价值。 相似文献
88.
Venema Henry D. Schiller Eric J. Bass Brad 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1996,1(2):139-165
The ongoing drought in the Sahel region of West Africa highlights the vulnerability of food-producing systems to climate change
and variability. Adaptation to climate should therefore increase the sustainability of agriculture under a long-term drought.
Progress towards sustainability and adaptation in the the Senegal River Basin is hampered by an existing set of social and
ecological relationships that define the control over the means of production and how people interact with their environment.
These relationships are sensitive to the technological inputs and the administration of food production, or the factor bias
in the different policy alternatives for rural development. One option is based on state-controlled, irrigated plantations
to provide rice (Oryza) for the capital, Dakar. This policy emphasizes a top-down management approach, mechanized agriculture and a reliance on
external inputs which strengthens the relationships introduced during the colonial period.
A time series decomposition of the annual flow in the Senegal River at Bakel in Senegal suggests that water resources availability
has been substantially curtailed since 1960, and a review of the water resources budget or availability in the basin suggests
that this policy's food production system is not sustainable under the current climate of the basin. Under these conditions,
this program is exacerbating existing problems of landscape degradation and desertification, which increases rural poverty.
A natural resource management policy offers two adaptation strategies that favour decentralized management and a reduction
of external inputs. The first alternative, “Les Perimetres Irrigués”, emphasizes village-scale irrigation, low water consumption
cereal crops and traditional socio-political structures. The second alternative emphasizes farm-level irrigation and agro-forestry
projects to redress the primary effects of desertification. 相似文献
89.
安徽省地下水观测及群测群防管理信息系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立安徽省地下水观测及群测群防网管理信息系统,有利于实现市县地震监测预报工作信息化、规范化管理。本文系统地介绍了安徽省地下水观测及群测群防管理信息系统的主要内容、研制思路和研究成果。该系统的完成对推进安徽省地下水观测及群测群防网管理乃至全省地震监测预报信息管理将发挥积极作用。 相似文献
90.