层次分析法的研究与应用

层次分析法(AHP)作为一种定性与定量分析方法相结合的综合性评价方法,在安全和环境研究的多个领域得到广泛应用。对层次分析法、改进层次分析法、模糊层次分析法、改进模糊层次分析法和灰色层次分析法等在安全与环境科学中的应用进行分析、研究和展望。对影响我国职业危害监管工作的主要因素进行研讨,同时,基于层次分析法能将复杂问题进行分解,为最佳方案选择提供科学依据的特点,提出将层次分析法应用于职业危害监管研究领域的构想。     

社会支持对智能化矿井矿工违章行为的影响——缓解职业倦怠和心智游移的方法研究*

为明晰智能化矿井矿工的职业倦怠和心智游移水平以及社会支持、职业倦怠和心智游移对矿工违章行为的作用机理,以366名普通矿井矿工和379名智能化矿井矿工为研究对象进行问卷调查,运用AMOS7.0建立社会支持、职业倦怠与心智游移和矿工违章行为之间的结构方程模型（SEM）。结果表明:智能化矿井矿工比普通矿井矿工的职业倦怠水平和心智游移水平高;社会支持和矿工违章行为显著负相关;社会支持不仅可以直接影响矿工违章行为,还可以通过职业倦怠的独立中介作用以及职业倦怠与心智游移的链式中介作用2条路径间接影响矿工违章行为;有效提高矿工的社会支持可以缓解其职业倦怠水平,进而降低心智游移出现频率,最终减少矿工违章行为的发生。研究结果可为智能化矿井的安全生产管理提供科学依据。     

某油田企业职业健康体检结果分析与对策

对2007年度某油田企业职业健康体检结果样本进行了分析,并提出相应对策。     

Delphi法职业危害风险评估模型及案例研究

为科学合理地进行建设项目职业病危害风险分类,基于系统工程及风险评估的基本原理,采用Delphi法分析和确定了影响职业病危害风险程度的因素,通过构建风险评估指标体系,建立了职业病危害影响因子赋值法(OHFA)定量化风险评估模型。根据对作业场所的危害源、本质及附加防护设施水平、人员接触机会、职业病防治管理等因子的综合分析,预测分析了研究对象的职业病危害的风险程度,为职业病危害风险辨识、风险评估、防治管理及防护设施设计等提供参考。并以某石化行业硫磺回收项目为实例进行应用与验证,得出了该项目的总体职业病危害风险度值为12,风险等级为Ⅰ级,各职业病危害因素的风险度由高到底排序为硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、硫磺、高温,其风险分类的关键决定因素为硫化氢。实践表明该方法与专家评估结果及工程实际吻合较好,应用于职业病危害风险评估中可给出定量化的风险分类结果。     

石化行业开展健康企业建设思路探讨

通过对石化行业面临的主要健康风险进行分析,识别影响员工健康的主要危险因素,结合科学研究,提出技术支撑建议,为石化行业开展健康企业建设提供思路。     

作业区环境对现场操作室内工业卫生指标影响的探讨

针对化肥厂作业区个别现场操作岗位作业环境条件较差，噪声、尘、毒超标，操作室内通风采光不理想这一现象；我们分别选择两组尘、毒、噪声、高温发生源的车间、岗位分别进行作业环境监测。甲组具有自然通风和机械通风设施，乙组无自然通风和机械通风设施；测定结果表明，通风采光的好坏对现场操作室内空气的温度、相对湿度、照明度以及尘毒浓度有明显影响；而对噪声影响较小     

Skin reactions to latex in dental professionals – first Croatian data

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of undesirable skin reactions to latex in dental professionals and students of the School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia. Methods. Our research included 444 participants, of which 200 agreed to undergo a skin prick test (SPT). All participants answered a questionnaire in which we asked about incidence of skin lesions, duration of occupational exposure to latex, localization of skin lesions and symptoms. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire and test results was then carried out. Results. Of the total 444 participants surveyed, 249 (56.1%) reported lesions on their skin (professionals 64.8%, students 6.1–58.5%). From the questionnaire, 239 (96.0%) respondents reported lesions on the hands and fingers, mostly in the form of erythema (37.0%) and occasional dryness of skin (29.0%). Positive SPT results were found in 14 (7.0%) out of the 200 respondents who underwent the test. Conclusions. While a large number of subjects (56.1%) reported skin lesions when using latex products at their workplace, the SPT test was positive only in 7.0%. The results show that the prevalence of self-reported skin lesions was significantly related to the length of occupational exposure, with a substantial effect size (p?<?0.001; V?=?0.334).     

Measuring limitations in activities of daily living: a population-based validation of a short questionnaire

Purpose. A newly developed questionnaire assessing limitations in activity of daily living (LADL–Q) that should improve assessment of LADL is tested in a large population-based validation study. Methods. This survey was paper-based. Overall, 16,634 individuals who were representative of the working population in the German-speaking part of Switzerland participated in the study. Item analysis was used the final version of the LADL–Q to four items per subscale that correspond to potential problems in three body regions (back and neck, upper extremities, lower extremities). Analysis included tests for reliability, internal consistency, dimensionality and convergent validity. Results. Test–retest reliability coefficients after 2 weeks ranged from 0.82 to 0.99 (Mdn?=?0.87), with no item having a coefficient below 0.60. The median item-total coefficients ranged between moderate and good. Correlation coefficients between LADL–Q subscales and three validated clinical instruments (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, shoulder pain disability index, Oswestry) ranged from 0.63 to 0.81. In structural equation modeling the three subscales were significantly related with two important outcomes in occupational rehabilitation: self-reported general health and daily task performance. Conclusion. The new LADL–Q is a brief, reliable and valid tool for assessment of LADL in studies on musculoskeletal health.     

Psychosocial risks in small enterprises: the mediating role of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and workers’ anxious or depressive episodes

Purpose. The relationship between enterprise size and psychosocial working conditions has received little attention so far but some findings suggest that conditions are more favorable in small enterprises. This could have a positive impact on workers’ mental health. The objective of this study was to test the mediating effect of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and anxious or depressive episodes. Methods. Data from the 2010 SUMER – Surveillance Médicale des Expositions aux Risques professionnels (French periodical cross-sectional survey) were analyzed; N?=?31,420 for the present study. Anxious or depressive episodes were measured with the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the perceived working conditions were psychological demand, decision latitude and social support as assessed with Karasek's job content questionnaire. The indirect effect was tested according to the method proposed by Preacher and Hayes. Results. In a multivariate logistic regression, the risk of anxious or depressive episodes was found to be lower in micro enterprises (2–9 employees). Formal tests pointed to a significant indirect effect of enterprise size on mental health through perceived working conditions, with a larger effect for psychological demand. Conclusion. This study highlights perceived working conditions as an explanation of the effects of enterprise size.