中国职业安全卫生一体化发展模式探索

一体化管理是现代企业安全管理发展的必然趋势,中国职业安全卫生在不断的发展和完善过程中正从狭隘的劳动保护朝着一体化可持续的方式发展。针对当前影响安全生产的主体要素,探讨了从安全观念、统一立法、管理体系、人才培养、社会保障5个层面构建中国职业安全卫生一体化发展模式的可能性和必要性,并指出了OSH一体化发展模式的要害与对策。     

作业场所职业危害监管信息系统基础数据结构标准化需求分析

通过对作业场所职业危害监管信息系统及其基础数据结构标准化需求的分析与研究,发现要建立及时有效、高度共享、全国统一的职业危害监管信息系统,主要存在着不同信息系统间存在信息孤岛和不同地区不同职业危害监管部门之间数据结构及基础报表等不统一的问题。通过对基础数据元的标准化,采用基于数据元的数据共享模式,来解决信息孤岛问题,提高资源利用率;通过对职业危害监管信息系统数据库物理结构和基础报表的标准化来统一不同地区不同监管部门间的职业危害监管信息系统;此外,基础数据元和数据库物理结构的标准化为其他系统提供标准接口。笔者还提出基础数据元、职业危害监管信息系统数据库物理结构和基础报表的标准化方法。     

某聚合物驱油先导实验职业卫生调查

对某采油厂聚合物驱油先导试验项目进行了职业卫生调查,以明确有害因素存在的岗位部位、种类、危害程度,并对职业病危害控制措施及效果进行调查分析。     

Occupational safety conditions of bus drivers in Metro Manila,the Philippines

The study looks into the occupational safety and working conditions among bus drivers in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Quantitative data were collected through survey interviews of 95 bus drivers using the stratified sampling technique. Results showed that bus drivers worked an average of 16?h/day and were engaged in risky driving behaviors such as over-speeding and road racing in order to reach their quota for the day. Fifty-nine percent experienced work-related accidents, with a mean of three accidents. The most common accident was hitting another vehicle followed by side swipe. The accidents were blamed on other drivers, followed by vehicle defect, inattentiveness and tiredness/micro-sleep or sudden involuntary sleep while driving. The most common health symptoms experienced by the bus drivers were fatigue, back pain, and cough and colds. This study underlines the need for an occupational health and safety program for bus drivers in the Philippines.     

Effect of occupational health nursing practice on musculoskeletal pains among hospital nursing staff in South Korea

Objective. The purpose of this study was to identify whether occupational health nursing variables serve as the contributing factors to musculoskeletal pains (MSP). Methods. A self-administered questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, the practice of occupational health nursing and information regarding MSP was designed based on in-depth interviews with eight nurses. This study included 226 hospital nursing staff who worked at three university hospitals located in Seoul, South Korea. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS and AMOS 19.0. Results. Shoulder and neck pains occurred when subjects worked more than 46?h/week. Subjects who performed ‘work-time adjustment’ had lesser chance of having shoulder, leg/foot and wrist/finger pains. Overtime work hours showed an indirect effect on multiple sites of MSP by mediator variable, which was ‘work-time adjustment’. Organized night duty days eventually decreased multiple sites of MSP. Conclusion. Administration strategies for nurses to adjust work-time within 46?h/week should be considered.     

Occupational safety and health as an element of a complex compensation system evaluation within an organization

Occupational safety and health (OSH) plays a significant role in today’s organizations, because it helps in attracting and retaining employees as well as molding their attitudes and behaviors at work. This is why the issue of OSH is stressed in a comprehensive approach to employee rewards: the total reward concept. This article explains how OSH may be included in a complex evaluation process of the compensation system. Although the literature on the effectiveness of employee compensation refers mainly to financial and non-financial components, there is a need for inclusion of working conditions in such analyses. An evaluation of the compensation system that incorporates OSH can drive many benefits for both the organization and employees. Obtaining such benefits, however, requires systematic evaluation of the reward system, including OSH. Incorporation of OSH issue within the comprehensive analysis of compensation systems promotes responsible behavior of all stakeholders.     

煤矿井下不同作业场所的职业健康风险定量评价

为评估煤矿井下工人面临的职业健康风险,采用特征化分析和货币化法,提出煤矿井下不同作业场所职业健康风险的定量评价方法。对井下主要作业场所进行划分,收集各作业场所粉尘、噪声和热环境的清单数据,进行特征化分析,将粉尘、噪声和热环境对工人的健康风险影响量化,最后进行货币化,使评价结果赋予经济意义。结果表明:平煤某矿的职业健康风险为715.47万元,主要作业场所职业健康风险由大到小依次为回采、掘进、煤仓口、锚喷作业点和胶带运输转载,评价结果可为煤矿职业健康管理提供更全面的决策依据。