提高循环水浓缩倍数节水减排方案探讨

针对川西北某轻烃厂循环冷却水水质的特点,拟采用无磷药剂配方将循环水浓缩倍数从3．0提高到5．0,并新增软水处理系统作为循环水补水,从而达到优化水质、节水减排的目的。针对浓缩倍数提高引起得的水质稳定难题提出相应的技术方案,最终达到改善水质,保护水环境,节水减排的效果。     

硝化悬浮填料塔中氨氧化细菌群落稳定性特征分析

利用PCR-DGGE分析技术,对于化学生物絮凝处理工艺中悬浮填料塔的氨氧化细菌(AOB)群落进行了研究。主要考察了曝气强度和水力停留时间2个运行参数调整的情况下,系统AOB群落结构的变化。生物膜样品直接取自硝化填料塔,多维尺度(MDS)方法用于DGGE电泳图谱的分析,分析结果以二维图形向量的方式显示,结果表明,曝气强度和水力停留时间均对AOB群落有一定的影响,主要的AOB种类在运行过程中基本不变,系统对于运行条件具有良好的稳定性。     

Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter(OM).Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

气温和湿度在泸州市城区对臭氧浓度预测的运用研究

气温和湿度均为影响臭氧生成的要素,通过分析泸州市国控点数据,找出气温和湿度与臭氧浓度的关系,从而建立气温和湿度为变量的臭氧浓度预测模型.选取2019年泸州市主城区的气温和湿度数据,将气温按日最高温(Tmax)、日最低温(Tmin)和日平均气温(Tmean)划分,将湿度按四季划分,分别统计其与臭氧浓度的相关性.发现臭氧浓...     

恶臭全过程控制对策探讨

恶臭是生态环境投诉的热点之一,目前大多数的恶臭控制措施着眼于末端治理,但效果不尽如人意.基于降低恶臭投诉率的目的 ,以最大程度上减少恶臭源对周边环境敏感点影响程度为目标,在梳理和分析恶臭污染源特性、恶臭感官评价方法、恶臭污染源对周边环境造成影响的相关因素的基础上,从减少恶臭源发生、控制恶臭散发、有效末端治理及应急管理等...     

新疆某煤制气矿井氡析出的辐射环境影响研究

为了了解某矿井氡析出对周围环境的影响,通过对矿井井上、井下环境氡浓度调查与测量,运用计算公式和UAIR-FINE软件,估算工作人员年附加受照剂量,模拟氡排放对周围20 km范围内各子区的氡浓度贡献值分布、公众个人剂量分布.结果表明,矿井生活环境氡浓度基本处于环境本底和限值以内,井下部分区域氡浓度略高,需采取补救行动;工作人员年附加受照剂量基本处于全国煤矿地下工作人员平均剂量水平;煤田矿井氡排放对周围20 km范围内公众的影响可以忽略.     

苯并(a)芘在四种食用淡水鱼中的含量和分布

利用GC-MS测定了购自北京市场的4种食用淡水鱼(鲫鱼、胖头鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼)的5种组织器官(脑、肝、泡、卵和肌肉)中BaP的含量,分析了BaP在4种食用淡水鱼中的分布特征及其对人体的健康风险.结果表明,鱼体BaP湿重含量范围为0～0.057ng·g-1,BaP脂标化含量范围为0.02～21·22 ng˙g-1·BaP在不同组织器官和不同鱼种中的湿重含量差别不显著;而不同鱼种和组织器官中BaP脂标化含量则有一定的差异性.4种鱼中,胖头鱼BaP脂标化含量水平最高,鲫鱼次之,草鱼和鲤鱼较低;各组织器官中,肝脏的BaP脂标化含量相对最高,肉、泡、籽次之,脑中BaP脂标化含量相对最低.鱼体中BaP湿重含量均低于USEPA规定的可食用生物组织器官中BaP含量的上限值(0.67 ng·g-1,wetweight),对人体的致癌风险远小于10-5.     

含油污泥油含量测定方法

根据“相似易溶”原理,采用重量法和索氏抽提-紫外吸收光度法对含油污泥的油含量测定进行了研究,利用差重和含有芳香族化合物的石油及其产品在紫外区的吸收波长特性,采用了毒性较小的正己烷、石油醚或混合庚烷等作为萃取荆。根据试验结果可知,重量法具有药荆使用量少、标准偏差小（1.48％）,结果准确等特点;紫外吸收光度法具有操作简便、数据重现性好等优点,适于芳烃含量较高的含油泥油含量的测定。     

北京大气中 NH3的分布和变化情况研究

PM2．5现在是中国大气中的主要污染物,而NH3作为前驱物,越来越受到大家的重视,在以往NH3监测中,往往采取手工采样和化学分析的方法进行监测,难以长时间不间断获得NH3的实时浓度。而选取利用Thermo公司的17i仪器则可以做到实时监测NH3的变化,继而分别对北京市区、农村和交通站周边的NH3进行了连续监测,发现市区浓度高于郊区,夏天浓度高于冬天,交通源对NH3排放有较大影响。