植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站恶臭物质的处理效果

对某2种商品植物除臭剂（代号A和C）进行了NH3和H2S的去除效果实验,确定了其最佳的使用条件;并实验了植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站渗滤液和实际中转站中恶臭气体的处理效果。结果显示,终浓度为0.85 g/m3的植物提取液A对NH3和H2S的去除率最高可达39.9%和92.31%;在城市垃圾中转站试验中,1.02 g/m3的植物提取液A结合超声波雾化装置对NH3和H2S的去除率可达66.67%和96.67%。研究表明利用植物提取液可以有效降低城市垃圾中转站恶臭污染物浓度,而采用超声波雾化装置效果更好。     

Statistical interpolation model for the description of ground pollution due to the TCDD produced in the 1976 chemical accident at seveso in the heavily contaminated zone “A”;

The influence of NTA on chromium genetic activity was studied in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At low dose (subgenotoxic) of sodium chromate (CrVI) (5mM), NTA increased the point mutation while at higher dose (25 mM) of chromate in the presence of NTA a decrease of point reverse mutation was observed. Probably NTA affected either the uptake of Cr(VI) favouring the intracellular reduction to Cr(III), or the recombinational repair of DNA breaks induced by chromate oxiding activity.

An increase of point (reverse) mutation was obtained in the experiments with NTA and chromium chloride, suggesting the hypothesis that NTA might interact with Cr(III) forming NTA‐Cr(III) complexes able to permeate cellular membranes and bind to DNA. In addition NTA genetic inactivity was confirmed.     

兰州市不同径粒大气颗粒物污染特征及气象因子的影响分析

空气污染程度与就诊率、呼吸道发病率及死亡率等有着密切的联系。兰州市在上世纪末曾被喻为卫星上看不到的城市,它的大气污染程度一直以来为人们所关注。利用2013年国家环保部公布的兰州市5个监测点（涵盖了4区1县）大气细粒子PM10及PM2.5的监测数据,针对全年的日均PM2.5与PM10质量浓度并结合了同期的气象因子进行分析研究,结果表明：春冬季为兰州大气中两种颗粒物的污染的高峰期（春季峰值为3月份,PM10及PM2.5质量浓度的月均值为309和103μg· m-3,超标倍数为1.062与0.436;冬季峰值为11月份,PM10及PM2.5质量浓度的月均值为203和85μg· m-3,超标倍数为0.353与0.7）,夏秋季为低谷（波谷为9月份,PM10及PM2.5的月均值为96和39μg· m-3,均低于国家标准）。PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比值均在0.4与0.5之间,呈一定的线性关系,大气污染较轻。当温度在-3~0℃之间时,大气中PM2.5与PM10质量浓度变化较剧烈。露点温度高于-3.15时,使得PM10的质量浓度下降明显;当日均露点温度高于1.85时,PM2.5的质量浓度随着露点温度的增大而降低,说明湿沉降对着两种粒子的清除作用明显。降水对大气中的两种颗粒物均呈现清除作用,但是在降水后PM10质量浓度迅速回升,但PM2.5质量浓度却变化不大。风向偏西时,大气中细颗粒污染物浓度增加。风速的增加对PM2.5有一定的清除作用,但由于兰州市的地貌特征,使得大气中PM10的质量浓度增加。上述结果为兰州市大气污染的监测与治理及大气污染预报提供了重要的依据。     

基于我国物种毒性数据的多溴联苯醚预测无效应浓度分析

采用多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)对我国广泛分布生物物种的生态毒性数据,根据欧盟现有化学物质风险评价技术指导文件,对不同环境介质中PBDEs预测无效应浓度(PNEC)进行了推导。结果表明:我国淡水环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴)的PNEC水分别为50μg·L~(-1)、0.53μg·L~(-1)、0.017μg·L~(-1)。沉积物环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC沉积物分别为823.35 mg·kg~(-1)wt、1.55 mg·kg~(-1)dw、12.72 mg·kg~(-1)dw、38.41 mg·kg~(-1)dw。土壤环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC土壤分别为668.3mg·kg~(-1)wt、0.38 mg·kg~(-1)dw、147 mg·kg~(-1)dw、98 mg·kg~(-1)dw。次生毒性PBDEs(五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC经口分别为0.3~0.7 mg·kg~(-1)、0.56 mg·kg~(-1)、2 500 mg·kg~(-1)。该数值期为我国PBDEs的环境风险评价提供科学基础。     

大气固定污染源低浓度颗粒物采样及分析技术研究进展

简述了我国现阶段大气固定污染源颗粒物监测中遇到的问题及低浓度颗粒物采样与分析技术研究的必要性,归纳了国外低浓度颗粒物采样分析技术要点,包括大体积采样、滤筒上游采样设备堆积颗粒物的回收、有效称重步骤的确立等,并对我国开展低浓度颗粒物采样及分析技术研究提出了相关建议.     

畜禽粪便除臭及生物干燥技术研究进展

综述了近几年来国内外畜禽粪便除臭及脱水技术的研究进展,其中对生物干燥技术的发展进行了比较详细的介绍,以期推动我国畜禽粪便处理技术水平的提高。     

LFG控制利用工程基本参数的试验研究

通过深圳市玉龙坑垃圾填埋场的现场抽气试验。本文进行了填埋气本安全控制与回收利用工程基本参数的研究。     

用烧结法从沸腾炉渣中提取铝和铁的研究

把沸腾炉渣和石灰及精煤混合制成小球,然后在大约1 000 ℃下烧结.取不同烧结时间的样品用硫酸浸取,得到含有铝离子和铁离子的溶液.试验表明,采用浓度为4 mol/l的硫酸,在80 ℃下浸取烧结球样品(50%沸腾炉渣∶40%精煤∶10%石灰)24 h,可以得到铝和铁的最大提取率,分别为86.50%和94.60%.滤渣可以作为固化材料用于高速公路的路基建设或水泥生产中的添加剂.     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

UV-B辐射增强对不同大麦品种生理特性的影响

通过大田试验,研究了UV-B辐射增强对不同生育期3个大麦(Hordeum vulgare)品种光合和蒸腾生理特性的影响。试验设对照(自然光)和辐射增强(辐照强度14.4 kJ.m-2.d-1)2个UV-B辐射水平。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强明显抑制大麦光合作用和蒸腾作用。与对照相比,UV-B辐射增强可降低叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,但对胞间CO2摩尔分数基本没有影响。不同大麦品种对UV-B辐射增强响应的敏感性存在差异,单2号对UV-B辐射增强较为敏感,而苏啤4号较不敏感。