高效石油烃降解菌SKD-1的分离、筛选及其降解性能

从孤岛油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株高效石油降解菌,命名为SKD-1。该菌株菌落表面湿润光滑、边缘整齐、圆形、不透明、乳黄色,能够利用葡萄糖和淀粉作为其生长的碳源和能源,其最适生长环境为碱性（pH8-10）,在分别以正十六烷烃和原油为惟一碳源,温度为30℃,摇床（180r／min）培养的条件下,菌株SKD-1的降解率分别为66．1％和36．9％。16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,菌株SKD-1与不动杆菌AcinetobactercalcoaceticusSY-1同源性达99％。结合菌株SKD．1菌落形态、理化性质以及系统发育分析,可以鉴定菌株SKD-1属于不动杆菌属（Acinetobactersp．）,序列登录号为AB774229。     

印刷用铝基材碱洗废液的循环利用

对印刷用铝基材碱洗废液进行了循环利用研究。首先将高COD含量的碱洗废液进行除油脱色处理,通过石灰和硬脂酸的协同效应,使COD含量从26300mg／L降至480mg／L,色度降至60°;然后利用含铝碱性废液通过碳化法制备出结晶度66％的拟薄水铝石产品;最后对分离后的碱性废水按配方要求配制,对铝基材进行除油实验,经5次循环表明,除油效果和对铝基材的腐蚀率均100％达标。     

Biochemical responses in armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi) after short-term exposure to diesel oil,pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends

Biodiesel fuel is gradually replacing petroleum-based diesel oil use. Despite the biodiesel being considered friendlier to the environment, little is known about its effects in aquatic organisms. In this work we evaluated whether biodiesel exposure can affect oxidative stress parameters and biotransformation enzymes in armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, Loricariidae), a South American endemic species. Thus, fish were exposed for 2 and 7 d to 0.01 mL L⁻¹ and 0.1 mL L⁻¹ of pure diesel, pure biodiesel (B100) and blends of diesel with 5% (B5) and 20% (B20) biodiesel. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) levels and the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in liver and gills. Also, DNA damage (8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine) levels in gills and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in liver were assessed. Pure diesel, B5 and B20 blends changed most of the enzymes tested and in some cases, B5 and B20 induced a higher enzyme activity than pure diesel. Antioxidant system activation in P. anisitsi was effective to counteract reactive oxygen species effects, since DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels were maintained at basal levels after all treatments. However, fish gills exposed to B20 and B100 presented increased lipid peroxidation. Despite biodiesel being more biodegradable fuel that emits less greenhouse gases, the increased lipid peroxidation showed that biofuel and its blends also represent hazards to aquatic biota.     

废轮胎热解衍生油非加氢脱硫

衍生油是废轮胎热解过程中最重要的产品之一,其最有意义的一种用途是作为燃料来得到较高的附加值.但是衍生油的硫含量较高,且具有恶臭味道,妨碍了它作为燃料的广泛应用.在管式反应器上分别考察了氧化锌、混合脱硫剂、A.D.A和MDEA+环丁砜法对废轮胎高温热解气的非加氢脱硫效果,并对不同的脱硫工艺作了简要的经济评价.结果发现,白土、陶土和石灰粉混合脱硫剂与氧化锌的热解气直接脱硫效果较好,衍生油的硫含量可降低到0.11％左右.采用油气分离的A.D.A脱硫工艺最经济.     

基于GA-BP算法的含油污泥处理 工艺参数优化

在含油污泥进行资源化处理过程中,针对处理目标受多个因素影响的实际,为了解决工艺之间的耦合问题,采用正交实验的方法来解决,并把主要参数作为优化对象,把含油污泥的脱水率作为评价目标,通过采用GA-BP算法对含油污泥耦合工艺正交实验参数进行了线性与非线性分析.在采用遗传算法优化神经网络的权值和阈值的基础上,用优化后的权值和阈值对测试样本和训练样本进行了预测.预测结果表明,预测误差都有明显减小,分别由0.34211减少到0.031549和0.15476减少到0.040682,可见耦合参数趋向于非线性优化.     

响应面法优化克浅十油田废水的混凝沉淀工艺

以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3％～5％之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求.     

A GIS-based evaluation of the effect of decontamination on effective doses due to long-term external exposures in Fukushima

Despite the enormous cost of radiation decontamination, there has been almost no quantitative discussion on how much it would reduce the long-term external radiation exposure in the Evacuation Zone and Planned Evacuation Zone (restricted zone) in Fukushima. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of decontamination and return options and to identify important parameters for estimating the long-term cumulated effective dose (CED) during 15, 30 and 70 year period using data on land-use, population and decontamination in the restricted zone (about 1100 km²) in Fukushima.     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点，正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的一个重要领域。本从土壤中石油类物质降解了基本原理出发，总结了近年发展起来的强化生物降解效率的各种技术措施和工程方案及其适用条件，并在此基础上进一步分析了生物修复技术的发展方向和应用前景。中首先详细介绍了土壤中降解石油类物质的生物相组成及降解过程的基本生化原理，并指出影响微生物降解速率的因素主要有土壤pH值，温度、湿度、充氧量和各种营养物质及微量元素含量等。接着，重点重点阐述了石油污染土壤的非原位修复技术和原位修复技术并深入探讨了土地处理、生物堆积处理、堆肥处理等非原位修复技术和所采取的技术措施，主要包括应用高效降解微生物、投加氧化剂和表面活性剂等。最后，本还展望了石油类污染土壤生物治理的未来发展趋势。     

非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟

提出了非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟的方法．采用红外光谱仪,于2930cm^-1波数处进行测量。对滤简的空白值作了明确规定,只有其含油量在0．5mg／L以下才能用于测定。该方法操作简便,相对标准偏差为0．4％．精密度好。加标回收率在97％～105％之间。     

Effects of stricter environmental regulations on resource development

This analysis seeks to understand whether changes in oil regulation brought about by the shale revolution have restricted the pace of drilling and production. This hypothesis is tested using data on North Dakota and Montana both before and after North Dakota increased regulations that raise fixed costs. Results generally find that the new regulations had no statistical impact on the pace of drilling and production, however it is found that smaller operators reduced their production and exited. These results are instructive for policymakers who weigh the loss of economic welfare against improved environmental quality when deciding on new regulations.