Geological emission of methane from the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China

A static flux chamber method was applied to study natural emissions of methane into the atmosphere in the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Using an online method, which couples a gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/MS) together, the 13C/12C ratios of methane in the flux chambers were measured. The results demonstrated that methane gases were liable to migrate from deep oil/gas reservoir to the surface through microseepage and p...     

燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置技术研究与设计

分析了燃油加热炉烟尘的特点,研究并论述了燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置应采取的技术措施、性能特点及结构原理等。依据该研究设计的燃油加热炉清洁装置已在输油管道加热炉上应用并已取得了显著效果。     

油气储运设施事故的人为因素分析与预防

结合心理学知识从人为因素的角度分析和归纳了油气储运设施事故的原因,提出了应对人为因素负面影响的措施和对策。     

含油污泥油含量测定方法

根据“相似易溶”原理,采用重量法和索氏抽提-紫外吸收光度法对含油污泥的油含量测定进行了研究,利用差重和含有芳香族化合物的石油及其产品在紫外区的吸收波长特性,采用了毒性较小的正己烷、石油醚或混合庚烷等作为萃取荆。根据试验结果可知,重量法具有药荆使用量少、标准偏差小（1.48％）,结果准确等特点;紫外吸收光度法具有操作简便、数据重现性好等优点,适于芳烃含量较高的含油泥油含量的测定。     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法研究

建立了土壤中矿物油含量的分析方法。采集的土壤鲜样,采用无水硫酸钠进行化学干燥。用四氯化碳提取土壤中的油类物质,采用硅酸镁去除提取液中的动植物油等极性化合物后,使用红外分光测油仪测定提取液中的矿物油含量。此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9999以上。测定下限为1.85 mg/l,测定上限为100 mg/l,测量范围为9 mg/kg～500 mg/kg,方法的灵敏度为1.05。试剂空白加标回收率56%～83%,实际样品加标回收率在69%～74%之间。该法简便快速,灵敏准确,具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于SVR的船舶溢油事故预测

船舶溢油事故的预测,是确定所需应急资源多少的重要依据;但船舶溢油事故具有小样本性,传统预测方法不再适用。针对船舶溢油事故的小样本性,该文选择SVR模型对其进行预测;SVR算法的关键是核函数的选择及自由参数的确定,针对上述问题该文分别采用交叉验证法、遗传算法;并在matlab软件上建立SVR模型,最后将该模型应用于上海港水域船舶溢油事故的预测。     

Effect of bioethanol and thermal barrier coating on the performance of dual fuel engine operating on Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and producer gas induction

Alternative fuels have numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels as they are renewable, biodegradable; provide energy security and foreign exchange saving besides addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues as well. Renewable fuels can be used predominantly as fuel for both transportation and power generation applications. Improved engine performance with reduced engine exhaust emissions is a major research objective in engine development. Today, the use of biomass derived producer gas is more relevant for addressing rural power generation and is a promising technique for controlling both nitric oxide (NO_x) and soot emission levels. In view of this, exhaustive experiments on the use of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–Producer gas in a dual fuel engine have been carried out with an intension of improving its fuel efficiency. This paper mainly presents results on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using HOME–Producer gas combination with and without bio-ethanol addition and thermal barrier coating (TBC). Further, the results were compared with diesel–producer gas mode of operation. Experimental investigation on dual fuel operation using HOME+5% bioethanol (BE5)–Producer gas operation with TBC showed 12.35% increased brake thermal efficiency with decreased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions and increased NO_x emission levels compared to HOME–Producer gas mode of operation.     

Effects of EGR,swirl augmentation techniques on combustion of biodiesel/ethanol and their blends in a diesel engine

The diminishing resources and continuously increasing cost of petroleum in association with their alarming pollution levels from diesel engines have caused an interest in finding alternative fuels to diesel which are renewable and sustainable. Emission control and engine efficiency are two most important parameters in current engine design. The impending introduction of emission standards such as Euro IV and Euro V is forcing the research towards developing new technologies for combating engine emissions. The classification of Euro IV and V norms is applicable to heavy-duty engines in Europe, where as Euro 5 is applicable to light-duty engines. This paper presents the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and its blends with ethanol in a diesel engine. From the experimental work conducted, it is found that the combustion of HOME plus up to 15% ethanol blend in a diesel engine operated with optimised parameters of injection timing 23° Before Top Dead Centre and compression ratio 17.5 results in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The addition of ethanol increased BTE with reduced hydrocarbons (HCs), CO and smoke emissions. However, NO _x emissions increased dramatically. Use of appropriate EGR reduces NO _x to acceptable levels. The implementation of swirl augmentation techniques further resulted in increased BTE and considerable reduction in tail pipe emissions such as smoke, HCs, CO and NO _x . The effect of swirl by providing grooves on the piston was taken into consideration to find the overall biodiesel engine performance, which gives scope for further studies.     

Fuel efficiency enhancement of modified diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using renewable and sustainable fuels

ABSTRACT

Renewable and sustainable fuels for diesel engine applications provide energy protection, overseas exchange saving and address atmospheric and socio-economic concerns. This study presents the investigational work carried out on a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel (DF) mode using renewable and sustainable fuels. In the first phase, a Y-shaped mixing chamber or venture was developed with varied angle facility for gas entry at 30°, 45° and 60°, respectively, to enable homogeneous air and gas mixing. Further effect of different gas and air mixture entry on the DF engine performance was studied. In the next phase of the work, hydrogen flow rate influence on the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine operated in DF mode using diesel, neem oil methyl ester (NeOME) and producer gas has been investigated. During experimentation, hydrogen was mixed in different proportions varied from 3 to 12 l/min (lpm) in step of 3 lpm along with air-producer gas and the mixtures were directly inducted into engine cylinder during suction stroke. Experimental investigation showed that 45° Y-shaped mixing chamber resulted in improved performance with acceptable emission levels. Further, it is observed that investigation showed that at maximum operating conditions and hydrogen flow rate of 9 lpm, Diesel–producer gas and NeOME–producer gas combination showed increased thermal efficiency by 13.2% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to the DF operation without hydrogen addition. Further, it is noticed that hydrogen-enriched producer gas lowers the power derating by 5–10% and increases nitric oxide (NO_x) emissions. However, increased hydrogen addition beyond the 12 lpm leads to sever knocking.

Abbreviations: NeOME: Neem oil methyl ester; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CI: compression ignition; ITE: indicated thermal efficiency; PG: producer gas; CA: crank angle; K: Kelvin; BP: brake power; IP: indicated power; H₂: hydrogen; HC: unburnt hydrocarbon; CO: carbon dioxide; CO₂: carbon dioxide; NO_x: nitric oxide; HRR: heat release rate; %: percentage; PPM: parts per million; CMFIS: conventional mechanical fuel injection system.     

河流型油污染应急监测案例分析研究

以在湘江中下游发生的跨多市的油污染事故为例,详细阐述了对该污染事故开展应急监测的全过程,包括基本情况介绍、应急响应、应急监测方案编制、应急监测结果综合分析等内容;并针对该类型污染事故应急监测进行了管理和技术经验总结,包括强调多部门联合处置的必要性,摆正应急监测在应急中的正确位置,应急监测时信息流转通畅的关键作用,妥善开展应急处置的重要性以及明确应急处置责任主体等内容.