用膨润土处理油田污水的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的基本特性及其存油田污水处理中的研究情况。天然膨润土经改性后,可吸附去除油田污水中的油、烃类衍生物、注聚残留聚合物及表面活性剂;负载金属氧化物的改性膨润土可对光催化氧化产生协同效应,提高光催化氧化油田污水中有机物的能力;在高压下将膨润土制成薄膜,对油田污水中的无机离了有一定的截留去除作用。     

新疆某油田企业两轮清洁生产审核效益分析

新疆某油田企业于2007年进行了第一轮清洁生产审核工作,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案9项,中／高费方案5项,产生的直接、间接经济效益总计为4057．27万元／a。该企业于2011年完成了第二轮清洁生产审核,确定了清洁生产方案14项,其中无／低费方案6项,中／高费方案8项,总计清洁生产方案产生经济效益1954．142万元／a。通过两轮清洁生产审核工作,企业产生了较好的经济效益与环境效益。     

Atmospheric Levels of Nitrogen Oxides at a Greek Oil Refinery Compared with the Urban Measurements in Athens

Oil refining is among the industrial activities that emit considerable amounts of air pollutants into the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides are important air pollutants that are emitted by oil refineries as products of combustion processes. The ambient air concentrations of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were monitored continuously at a site close to an oil refinery, near the city of Corinth in Greece, during autumn 1997 together with the main meteorological parameters. The contribution of the oil refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of nitrogen oxides was estimated. The ambient air concentration of nitrogen oxides in the area surrounding the oil refinery were generally lower than the ambient air concentrations in the urban area of Athens in Greece, and the NO₂ levels were always below the existing air quality standards. The influence of the refinery emitted NO_x in the photochemical production of ozone seems to be more important in terms of human and vegetation exposure given the high ozone backgrounds measured in the area.     

长白山天池火山的研究现状与展望

较详细地介绍了近年来长白山天池火山喷发历史、火山形成机制、火山系统的探测和火山灾害的研究现状，指出了当前研究中存在的一些主要问题。建议今后应加强火山活动历史研究；探测岩浆作用及其动态变化，限定火山失稳条件；研究岩浆作用和火山触发机制；开展火山作用的试验模拟和火山灾害区划的定量模拟研究；建立火山灾害预警系统，制定火山灾害应急预案，以达到减轻火山灾害的目的。     

铁路运输含硫原油过程中H_2S挥发规律模拟试验研究

以塔河12区含硫原油为研究对象,通过模拟铁路运输原油工况,研究罐内原油中H_2S挥发规律.结果表明,铁路运输过程中原油里H_2S析出浓度与时间的关系近似为6次多项式,并建证了H_2S浓度随时间变化的曲线方程;对影响罐内原油中H_2S挥发的2个主要因素罐内原油温度和罐车振动强度进行了分析.结果表明,罐内原油温度是原油中H_2S挥发的主要影响因素,升高罐内原油温度可以明显增加H_2S的挥发浓度.加大罐车振动强度对原油中H_2S挥发有促进作用,但不明显.     

辽河稠油热采现场硫化氢的防范与治理建议

硫化氢是一种剧毒和较强腐蚀性的气体,近年来在辽河油田一些地区相继出现,特别是稠油热采区块出现了较高浓度的硫化氢。硫化氢的存在已经威胁到油田的安全生产,并成为油气勘探开发过程中必须解决的问题。本文对辽河油气稠油热现场硫化氢的预防与治理提出了一些建议。     

固定化微生物修复石油污染土壤影响因素研究

针对石油污染土壤修复,利用实验室已筛选的高效石油降解单菌SM-3,以天然有机材料为载体,吸附法制备固定化微生物。将游离与固定化微生物应用于室内花盆模拟修复石油污染土壤,对C/N/P、微生物投加量、石油含量、氧化剂和表面活性剂设计5因素4水平正交实验,探讨不同修复时期各影响因素的重要性顺序,最佳条件下各菌株的修复效果。结果表明,不同微生物在不同降解时期,各影响因素的重要性会发生变化;经过21 d的修复,固定化单菌SM-3石油降解率为22.77%,修复过程中,接种量是最重要的影响因素,营养元素N、P投加影响较大,表面活性剂和氧化剂影响次之。     

基于多源数据融合的石油罐区安全监控模型

由于单一传感器在石油罐区安全监控中容易受到外界因素影响从而产生误差,为提高传感器检测结果的可靠性和罐区安全监控预警的准确性,基于多源数据融合技术,建立罐区安全状态预警模型。首先,介绍了多源数据融合技术的3个层级:数据级融合,特征级融合和决策级融合,以及目前各领域常见的数据融合方法;其次,建立了基于最优加权融合算法的一级融合模型和基于BP神经网络算法的二级融合模型;最后,得到石油罐区安全监控数据融合模型,并为进一步的实践应用打下了理论基础。     

尤溪集体林区林业产业发展的实践与探索

阐述了近几年来全国南方集体林区重点林业县的福建省尤溪县在发展林业产业、调整林业产业结构、推进林业产业化进程、生产安全中所取的成效,以及存在的问题,并以此提出今后集体林区林业产业发展的指导性、实用性的对策与建议。     

Experimental study of the VOC emitted from crude oil tankers

Light hydrocarbons vaporize to the space between crude oil interface and roof of the storage tank during loading of crude oil tankers in marine oil terminals. When crude oil is loaded to the tank, these hydrocarbons are vented into the atmosphere which is considered as a main source of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oil terminals. VOCs emitted from the crude oil not only create severe air pollution problems but also a considerable amount of valuable hydrocarbons are wasted to the atmosphere. On the other hand, VOCs are flammable which create major safety hazards to the loading process. Therefore, the oil industry has largely focused on control of VOCs. In this research, an experimental study was conducted to characterize VOCs emitted from storage tanks of crude oil in a large-scale oil export terminal. Using the industrial data and simple mathematical tools, effect of different parameters on the composition of emitted gases was investigated. Furthermore, an experimental procedure is proposed to assess the potential of a crude oil absorption process for recovering emitted gases. Experimental results showed that the crude oil absorption process can be adapted to the situation of considered marine terminal for recovering this vent stream of emitted gases. This work can help plant engineers to decide on an appropriate strategy to control VOCs.