Mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA

This article compares non-fuel mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA. It examines the organization of exploration; recent trends in the level and distribution of expenditures; exploration productivity; and planning and decision making. It shows that although the sequence of exploration stages and activities is very similar in both countries, substantial differences overshadow these similarities, largely because of different economic and political systems and mineral endowments. However, the article concludes that we still have much to learn before making a full comparison of Soviet and US exploration.     

Possible Use of Ash Residues for the Construction of Artificial Reefs at Sea

Utilization of ash residues, including coal ash, oil ash, and municipal solid waste combustion ash, for the construction of artificial reefs at sea has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world for nearly 20 years. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that an artificial reef made of stabillized ash-concrete (SAC) has had no adverse effect on the marine environment. Indeed, published studies have shown that fish counts increase around SAC reefs owing to an abundance of colonizing organisms and to protection provided by cavities within the reef structures. However, public and regulatory resistance to the use of SAC for artificial reef construction at sea is still very strong in certain countries due to concern for possible negative environmental impacts, primarily in the area of bioaccumulation of elements or compounds originating from the ash component of SAC.

In this paper, technological feasibility of using ash residues for artificial reef construction is presented, based on the available 20 years of scientific data, including engineering workability, physical integrity, chemical leaching potential and biological effects. More important, we also identify conceptual barriers for the acceptance of using SAC for the construction of ocean reefs and suggest approaches to overcome these barriers.     

分子碰撞与惯性分离原理在油烟净化中的应用

应用分子碰撞和惯性分离原理,对油烟烟气进行分离是一种新的油烟净化方法.阐述了该方法的净化过程、基本原理和装置的最佳条件.研究结果表明：该方法是一种新型、高效、实用的油烟净化方法,提出了进一步完善该方法的研究内容.     

矿物油对水稻－萝卜的影响

用不同剂量的润滑油（引擎油、齿轮油）、煤油和废油污染土壤，探讨它们对水稻和后茬萝卜生长的影响．结果表明，引擎油在剂量为５ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对水稻生长和后茬萝卜的成苗及苗高均有影响；齿轮油、煤油和废油在剂量为２ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对水稻秧苗无多大影响，在剂量为１ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对后茬萝卜有抑制作用．对被废油污染的土壤，可用油处理剂Ｓ．Ｇ８０５治理．但剂量以１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下为宜．     

The Spanish toxic oil syndrome: Some explanations for the pathology and an appraisal of the similarities with other episodes of food adulteration

In 1981 in Madrid, a new disease was identified, and attributed to the fraudulent sale of adulterated, industrial-quality oil as olive oil. The competing hypotheses for the clinical symptoms and tissue changes are reviewed but it is also important to note the general similarities between this epidemic and those other incidents where food adulteration has presented an acute hazard.     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点，正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的一个重要领域。本从土壤中石油类物质降解了基本原理出发，总结了近年发展起来的强化生物降解效率的各种技术措施和工程方案及其适用条件，并在此基础上进一步分析了生物修复技术的发展方向和应用前景。中首先详细介绍了土壤中降解石油类物质的生物相组成及降解过程的基本生化原理，并指出影响微生物降解速率的因素主要有土壤pH值，温度、湿度、充氧量和各种营养物质及微量元素含量等。接着，重点重点阐述了石油污染土壤的非原位修复技术和原位修复技术并深入探讨了土地处理、生物堆积处理、堆肥处理等非原位修复技术和所采取的技术措施，主要包括应用高效降解微生物、投加氧化剂和表面活性剂等。最后，本还展望了石油类污染土壤生物治理的未来发展趋势。     

川西草原十字花科油料植物资源的研究和利用

首次对四川西部草原的野生十字花科油料植物资源作了比较系统的调查研究,收集植株和种子标本约12属20种。经过种子油分分析和引种观察,筛选出几种有特种用途且适应力较强的植物资源。这些植物资源是蕴藏量大的食用油料播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)、菥蓂(Thlaspi arvense),高亚油酸的优质食用油料植物高蔊菜(Rorippa elata),高亚麻酸的工业用油料植物涩荠(Malcolmia africana)、独行菜(Lepidiumapetalum)等。可供进一步的开发利用。     

浅谈船舶油污事故的调查处理

对船舶发生油污事故的种类和可能来源，事故调查处理方法做了简要论述，同时对船舶发生污染事故后，主管机关如何对违法行为帮出行政处罚以及如何调解处理船舶油污损害民事责任纠纷做了简要探讨。     

一种新型静电油烟净化器的研制与应用

应用高压静电原理，采用多电场模块组合技术，将烹饪过程中产生的油烟、热裂解尘雾、燃料烟尘在静电和电场的作用下电荷、吸附及氧化，达到净化油烟、除去烟尘、除去异味的作用，电场内所产生的臭氧还能杀菌，去除异味和有害气体。利用高压静电研制的油烟净化器比湿式油烟净化器、过滤式的油烟净化器有更大的优越性和应用前景。