输油管道弯头穿孔泄漏数值模拟

我国在役输油管道经过多年冲刷及腐蚀后,存在安全隐患,使得对输油管道泄漏事故的研究具有重要的现实意义。基于计算流体力学方法,采用有限容积法,建立管道泄漏控制方程,研究不同输送速度及泄漏孔径对泄漏后管内压强分布及泄漏量的影响。结果表明:泄漏孔径一定,输送速度分别与管内压强和泄漏量成正、负相关,泄漏口下游存在局部高压区;输送速度一定,泄漏孔径分别与管内压强和泄漏量成负、正相关,局部高压区的强度降低、范围减小。实际工作中可以采用一定方法增大管内输送速度或增大泄漏口径,从而减少实际的原油泄漏量。     

我国道路交通信号控制机认证框架体系探讨

针对目前我国道路交通信号控制机产品存在的质量问题,对信号机生产企业进行深入调研,详细分析信号机发展现状、国内外产品认证制度及信号机强制检测制度等,并结合我国交通信号机产品自身的特点和实际,参考国外产品认证模式、认证流程,提出我国信号机产品以型式试验、初始工厂检查和获证后监督为模式的认证框架体系。信号机产品质量认证框架体系的建立,对提高产品质量,规范行业生产,将发挥积极的促进作用,同时也为我国交通安全产品的质量控制提供了新思路。     

辛一联合站污油处理的控制措施

介绍了集输泵站污油回收处理的现状，分析了污油回收对泵站正常生产的影响因素，提出了解决办法，使泵站安全、平稳的生产得到了保障。     

Combustion performance and emission characteristics on HCCI engine of waste plastic pyrolysis oil biodiesel blends with external PFI and vaporiser

ABSTRACT

Analysis of plastic oil obtained from waste plastic through pyrolysis process, as an alternative to biodiesel is presented in this paper. The HCCI engine is considered for experimental validation of combustion performance and emission characteristics. To accumulate pyrolysis oil as fuel, the design modifications were made in external mixture formation on the existing computerised 4-stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection kirloskar diesel engine connected with eddy current dynamometer to satisfy HCCI conditions. HCCI engine can be worked on wide assortment of fuels beginning from diesel to different blends (WPPO 5%,10%,15% and 20% by volume) of biodiesel .The designed additional device connected to the engine is utilised for fuel vaporisation and mixture arrangement. In the experimental study, the combustion results were initiate to be of 39.69 % higher Rate of Heat Release (RoHR) for biodiesel HCCI as compared with diesel HCCI. Higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found 37 % without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at WPPO 20 % biodiesel blend. And also found 50 % and 65 % reduction in NOx emission and 18 % and 28 % reduction in smoke opacity are obtained for biodiesel vapour induction without EGR and biodiesel vapour induction with 15 % EGR as compared with diesel fuel. The CO (0.34 %), and UHC (2.15 %) emissions are increases with 15 % EGR, but the emissions are within the standard limits specified by the emissions standards.     

注水采油对中原油田生态环境的影响分析

随着近30年来中原油田高强度、大面积的石油开采，高强度注水采油和超采地下水造成的负面效应日益凸现。通过地下水位下降，地下漏斗面积增大，地面沉降，地裂缝，土壤、水体污染五个方面阐述了注水采油带来的生态环境问题，以及由此导致的对公共设施和建筑物的破坏、水土污染等严重后果。     

超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的研究

研究了超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的影响。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁挥发油的得率,在所选取的范围内随功率和时间的增加而提高;通过正交实验确定影响挥发油得率的因素从大到小依次为超声功率、物料细度、pH和处理时间,确定最优工艺组合是物料细度为80目;在pH值为5的提取液中浸泡后,超声功率为100W处理30min。经分析,超声处理得到挥发油样品的主要成分是苯甲醛。     

Australian junior exploration floats, 2001–06, and their implications for IPOs

An analysis of 179 junior exploration floats, listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) between July 2001 and June 2006, helped to build a basic understanding of the strategy and business structure of these companies. The “typical” junior explorer raised A$4 million at initial public offering (IPO) to finance a 2-year, mainly greenfields exploration program. The capital raised at IPO entitled its investors to approximately half of the company, with the balance in the hands of the promoters, vendors and/or seed capital investors. Of the A$4 million raised at IPO, it intended to spend approximately two-thirds on exploration, while the remainder was absorbed in corporate overheads and the costs of the IPO. Once these were paid, ongoing corporate overheads averaged approximately 28% of its total operational expenditure. However, given an average total annual expenditure of approximately A$2.6 million, most juniors held insufficient capital reserves to meet operational costs beyond a time frame of 2 years. As at October 2006, 9% of the companies were in the process of mine construction, whereas 6% had made it to producer status. The lead time from listing to production ranged from 1.5 to 53 months, giving a median of 28 months.     

油气输送焊管残余应力测试与安全评价方法研究

针对油气输送焊管残余应力测试与评估技术难题,采用机械切割应力释放法对不同成型工艺和状态焊管的残余应力进行了测试分析对比,结果表明:UOE焊管的残余应力分布水平较低;ERW焊管次之;SSAW焊管的残余应力分布范围较广,有高有低。不同管型和成型工艺及水压试验状态具有明显不同的残余应力分布特征,在进行焊管安全评价时必须区别对待。根据残余应力实测结果提出了焊管安全评价时残余应力的取值建议。研究结果对管道设计、安全分析与评价、焊管残余应力的改善、控制及焊管合理选用具有重要工程意义。     

联合站储油罐区火灾危险性分析及维修控制安全探讨

本文分析了联合站储油罐区的火灾危险性,阐明了引起火灾的各种原因如明火、静电火花、雷击、碰撞和摩擦火花、电气设备故障、自燃等。一旦发生火灾,具有爆炸危险性大、易形成大面积燃烧、燃烧速度快、扑救难度大,损失大等特点。对储油罐动火维修的安全控制提出建议。     

地下水开采引起的地表变形调查方法

过量的地下水开采可以诱发地面沉陷、建筑物开裂破坏等城市地质灾害和工程地质环境问题。通过对某工厂地表变形特征和分布规律的调查分析，论证了地下水开采与地表变形的关系，指出其某个水井抽水是引起厂区及附近地表变形的主要诱因，且水井距离地下水径流带越近，地表变形就越严重。实践证明，通过水文地质与工程地质调查和抽水试验，可以推断抽水与地面沉陷的水力联系，利用天然电场选频法、联合剖面法、高密度电法和探地雷达等物探方法能够从空间上判断地表及建筑物变形的动力源；动、静态应变的实时观测和分析可以从时间上证实抽水与地面变形的因果关系。