A contaminated site investigation: comparison of information gained from geophysical measurements and hydrogeological modeling

The investigation of contaminated sites is usually a long and expensive process. It is therefore desirable to use a combination of methodologies in an integrative approach that can reduce redundant information gathering. The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of 2 non-intrusive exploration techniques in a contaminated site investigation. Borehole positioning based on geophysical measurements was compared to positioning based on the Bayesian expert system for flow-field modeling. The goal set at the field site was the assessment of the type and load of contaminants transported from the landfill site to the adjacent aquifer and the extent of leachate plumes within the groundwater. The two methods made different demands on information gathering and were found to be complementary. The geophysical approach focused attention on the waste compartments at the site and on mixing plumes in the adjacent aquifer but could not, without prior information, provided information on the flow field. The Bayesian approach to flow-field modeling determined areas of greatest model uncertainty at the model boundaries. The model highlighted areas of greatest uncertainty that might otherwise have been overlooked and provided information on the most likely mean direction of the leachate plumes. It was concluded that both methods contribute to a site investigation and should be used before additional drilling is carried out.     

热油泵房火灾事故分析及控制

运用事故树分析法,对炼化企业高温泵房火灾的原因进行分析,并提出预防措施.     

Effect of the water–oil ratio on brine/surfactant/alcohol/oil systems optimized for soil remediation

The optimum middle-phase microemulsion used for remediation of oily contaminated soils is often obtained by mixing a certain amount of a surfactant/alcohol mixture with oil and adjusting the salinity concentrations at a constant water–oil ratio. Upon introduction to the subsurface, however, the system may not be in the optimum state throughout the remediation process owing to the change in the water–oil ratio. This research has attempted to investigate the effect of the water–oil ratio on the phase behavior of systems containing brine, anionic surfactant, alcohols, and different oils. By systematically changing the water–oil ratio, while keeping the others variables constant, the systems exhibited different phase behavior. The results revealed that the effect of the water–oil ratio on system behavior was significant, and analogous to that of salinity. Increasing the water–oil ratio led the system change from winsor I → winsor III → winsor II. The greater the water–oil ratio the lower the salinity required to produce the middle-phase microemulsion, but the narrower the salinity range of the three-phase region. An empirical correlation has been developed in order to predict the changes in phase behavior with the changes in water–oil ratio. This provides a useful tool for designing optimum formulations suitable for soil remediation. Received: October 5, 1999 / Accepted: March 27, 2000     

石油勘探环境风险评价

通过对石油勘探开发过程中可能发生的环境风险进行识别和分析,提出了预防环境风险的方法和对策。为最大限度地降低风险,防止企业人员伤害、财产损失及环境破坏确定了管理目标,是石油企业实施HSE管理的一项重要内容。     

干旱区油田采油污水的处理及综合利用

我国西部干旱地区的塔里木盆地,有许多深居欧亚大陆腹地的大型油田,都地处水资源极其匮乏的地区,在油田的开发过程中的用水量和产水量都比较大,本文就采油过程中产生的采油污水的处理和综合利用问题作了探讨。     

解脂耶氏酵母菌处理含油废水的研究

利用解脂耶氏酵母菌在最佳降解条件下分别处理色拉油、餐饮油等油脂类废水和柴油、机油等石油类废水50 h.结果表明:该菌株能快速降解油脂,在油质量浓度≤2 000 mg/L时生化反应属于一级反应,对色拉油、餐饮油中油脂的降解率分别为93.30%和85.08%,同时菌体细胞大量生长,其生物量分别为1 652.7和1 940.0 mg/L,废水处理过程中pH稳定在3～4之间;但该菌对石油的降解率低,生成的生物量少,处理后废水pH维持在6～7之间.解脂耶氏酵母菌对油的降解与自身生物量的生成有关,该菌株降解油脂类和石油类物质的途径不同,产生的脂酶系统不同,使得废水的pH变化规律不相同.      

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

江苏油田环境保护综合防治技术研究

为了实现油(气)田(特别是环境敏感地区)开发的可持续发展,在原有基础上,针对水网地区油田开发环境的特点,就现在环境保护技术工作中存在的重点难点问题进行进一步的研究和探讨,完善和发展了整套污染防治工艺、处理技术及处理装备。     

严格监督管理,减少环境污染──廊坊市环保局开展油田环境保护工作纪实

廊坊市环境保护局认真贯彻落实《河北省陆上石油勘探开发环境保护管理办法》,对石油企业勘探开发生产过程实施较全面的环境监督管理工作,督促石油企业积极采取措施减少和治理污染,有效地遏制了石油勘探开发生产过程中所产生的污染对生态环境造成的破坏和影响,使廊坊地区的生态环境明显转好。     

新疆油气田开发对环境的影响及其对策

该文论述了新疆油气田开发对大气环境,土壤,地下水以及生态环境的不同程度的影响,重点论述了对生态环境的影响,并提出了一些对策和建议,这些对新疆乃至对全国的油气田环境保护工作都具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。