柴油挥发行为的研究

对柴油进行了在玻璃表面皿上和在土壤中的挥发实验研究。在玻璃表面皿的挥发实验中,进行了30℃条件下柴油与90^#汽油、煤油及沙特原油挥发的对比实验。实验结果表明,柴油和煤油的挥发量与挥发时间呈指数关系,而90^#汽油与沙特原油的挥发量与挥发时间呈对数关系。柴油在土壤中的挥发实验表明,土壤质地、土壤的含水量及柴油浓度都影响柴油的挥发量。土壤中的柴油污染物有一种向上运动的所谓“灯芯”作用,适度的土壤含水量会促进“灯芯”作用,而过高的含水量则抑制其发生。     

疏水性石油烃降解菌细胞表面疏水性及降解特性

从石油污染的土壤中分离纯化得到3株能以石油为唯一碳源和能源生长的石油烃降解菌,分别命名为HDB-1、HDB-2、HDB-3,并采用微生物粘着碳烃化合物法(MATH)对3株菌株的细菌表面疏水性及其环境影响因子进行研究.结果表明:二甲苯-水两相体系适用于3种细菌表面疏水性研究;HDB-1、HDB-2、HDB-3的疏水性分别为68.8%、57.4%、64.1%;随培养时间、碳源的不同和温度、pH的改变,细菌表面疏水性均发生不同程度变化;6d后初始含油量为1000mg/L的培养液的去除率分别为91.6%、64.5%、79.8%.结果还表明,细菌的细胞表面疏水性与其在环境中对有机污染物的降解呈一定的相关性,疏水性大的细菌对疏水性有机物的降解速度较疏水性小的快.     

硫酸钡锶垢去除研究

通过定性分析得出某油田现场结垢物质为硫酸钡锶垢;采用沉淀重量法,对几种市售除垢剂与自制新型除垢剂QX进行了除垢效果对比实验。结果表明,除垢剂QX是一种理想的硫酸钡锶垢除垢剂。当QX加量为25mg／L、温度为50℃时除垢24h,除垢率可达95％以上。同时,对除垢剂加量、除垢时间、盐类加入和酸洗等影响因素进行了正交实验研究,表明除垢剂加量是影响除垢率的主要因素,而酸洗和加入盐会阻碍除垢效果。     

用沉淀技术处理炼油厂的碱渣

用沉淀技术对炼油厂的碱渣进行再生处理,考察了影响再生效果的各种因素,结果表明,在沉淀反应温度20℃、反应时间超过30min、沉淀剂CuO与Na2S的摩尔比为1．4的条件下,S^2-的去除率可达98％以上,沉淀剂CuO再生后可以循环使用,并且再生后碱液的物理性质与新鲜碱液基本相同。     

黄河三角洲二元结构与多元可持续发展初探

黄河三角洲由石油资源的开发而兴起,其区位条件和油气资源条件都十分优越,但目前仍处于经济发达地区的低谷区。通过对二元结构系数的定量分析,发现该地区具有明显的复合二元结构特征,即“油地+城乡”,二元结构是制约三角洲持续发展的一个重要限制性因素。目前,石油产业的全面改组改制、优越的外部环境和自身基础条件、东营港扩建及其附属加工制造业基地的立项、综合性交通运输网络体系的形成等都是三角洲全面发展的难得机遇。要实现多元可持续发展的目标,必须转变观念,由“以油建城”到“以港兴城”、大力发展资源深加工工业和具有竞争优势的制造业;构建高效生态农业经济体系;推进城市的“内聚式”发展。     

生物强化高效油脂处理系统处理餐饮污水

Miyako 2000高效油脂处理系统对餐饮污水的除油消臭有较好的处理效果,本文结合工程实例分析该系统的原理和运转方式,并对该工艺在餐饮污水处理中的应用经验进行了总结。     

Inclusive development,oil extraction and climate change: a multilevel analysis of Kenya

There has been considerable research on North–South issues on climate change; however, little work has been done on how the recent discovery of oil in some developing countries could affect North–South relations, the prospects for development for the South, climate change and local socio-environmental issues. Using the theory of inclusive development, the concept of the Right to Development, and their relation to stranded assets, this paper addresses the question: what does inclusive development imply at the national and global level in dealing with oil extraction in the context of climate change? Based on a literature review and a layered case study of Kenya, this paper concludes that (a) Kenyans argue that Kenya has a right to extract and use oil resources and that rich countries should reduce their extraction and use; (b) such a claim could be integrated in an appropriate emissions trading scheme; and that (c) Kenya should also account for the national and local socioecological aspects to reduce potential local conflict, yet the conditions favoring inclusive development are not yet established. However, such an argument may also lead to perverse results. If addressing climate change requires phasing out fossil fuels, this argument may lead to stranded assets in both developed and developing countries, and may ironically leave developing countries poorer off as stranded assets are possibly more expensive than having stranded resources.     

Fort McMurray and the Canadian Oil Sands: Local Coverage of National Importance

Understanding resource-based communities (RBCs) as potential casualties of Canada's economic proclivity towards resource extraction projects may help us to generate political support for these communities at both local and national scales. The media has a critical role to play in promoting the development of this type of political discourse. This study examines how traditional print media coverage affects Canadians' perceptions of the Athabasca oil sands. A quantitative media analysis examines scope and thematic content of articles appearing in major Canadian newspapers between 2003 and 2013. We find that most coverage concerning the Athabasca oil sands over this period appears predominantly in western Canadian newspapers, with coverage primarily focusing on specific events. We argue that this geographic disparity in coverage does not provide Canadians with the adequate coverage necessary to develop an informed opinion on what the implications of ongoing oil sands development are at both a local and a national scale.     

生物炭与土壤调理剂对滨海荒芜重盐碱地的改良效应

以土壤改良剂对荒芜重盐碱地生物改良和开发利用为研究目标,在华北低平原区滨海荒芜重盐碱地开展了施用生物炭（B）和调理剂（C）种植先锋作物油葵的大田试验.生物炭用量设2个水平（0和1.25 kg ·m^-2）调理剂施用量设3个水平,分别为0、0.83和1.66 kg ·m^-2,共6个处理.油葵收获后按照每30 cm一层采至90 cm搜集土样.结果表明,施用生物炭提高0~30 cm和60~90 cm土层含盐量,而土壤调理剂则显著降低0~30 cm土壤含盐量.没有发现生物炭或调理剂对土壤pH有显著影响.生物炭处理显著抑制土壤硝化作用,导致0~90 cm土层NO₃^--N含量显著下降,NH₄⁺-N含量提高,对有机质（SOM）含量没有显著影响.施用土壤调理剂提高0~30 cm土壤SOM含量,调理剂施用量为1.66 kg ·m^-2时0~90 cm土层的NO₃^--N含量显著增加.单施生物炭与调理剂或者二者组合均显著增加0~90 cm土壤NH₄⁺-N含量、有效磷（Olsen-P）含量和有效钾（K_ex）含量,但生物炭对这3种养分含量的提升效果更显著,土壤调理剂则在增加0~30 cm土壤有机质和降盐方面更有效.施用高量调理剂促进土壤硝化作用,而施用生物炭恰恰起到硝化抑制剂的作用,因此,将生物炭与土壤调理剂结合施用,是滨海荒芜重盐碱地防止NO₃^--N淋失、减少环境污染、增肥降盐并保障耐盐先锋作物高肥低盐生长环境的有效措施.     

浅析茶油加工企业环境污染防治对策

阐述了茶油加工工艺及生产流程,分析了茶油生产过程中的废水污染源、废气污染源、固废污染源和噪声污染源,结合国外内茶油生产加工和环保实践,针对性地提出了废水、废气、固废、噪声污染防治和资源化对策,分析了环境风险可信事故,并提出了环境风险防范措施,探讨了清洁生产合理化建议,为茶油生产企业的环境影响评价、工程治理和日常环境监管提供了依据。