温度对废矿物油焚烧处置过程中BTEXs释放的影响

以废矿物油中苯系物(BTEXs)为研究对象,实验室条件下模拟废矿物油在空气气氛中的焚烧,并研究烟气中BTEXs的释放强度与焚烧温度的关系。试验条件:焚烧温度梯度为300、500、700、900、1 100 ℃,空气气氛,样品用量1.00 g。研究表明:在300~1 100 ℃的升温过程中,烟气中BTEXs残留率呈减小趋势;苯以外的BTEXs在达到700 ℃后减量效果显著提高,且当焚烧温度为1 100 ℃时,残留率为0~7.6%;苯在300~700 ℃的释放量呈增加趋势,且在700 ℃时焚烧烟气中苯浓度约为样品本底的14倍,在900和1 100 ℃时,提升焚烧温度对烟气中苯的减量效果不明显。     

利用石油流化焦制备活性炭的研究

通过高温化学活化法和以高硫石油流化焦为原料、KOH为主要活化剂制备活性炭,研究了碱焦比、乙醇或丙酮和氮气流保护等对活性炭性能的影响。实验在直立管式炉内进行,选用单因素实验,结合比表面积和孔隙表征、元素分析、工业分析及苯酚吸附值测定,对样品进行评价。结果表明:活性炭比表面积和总孔容积随碱焦比增加而增加;乙醇或丙酮配入能提高样品比表面积和孔隙特性及其苯酚吸附能力;采用无氮气流保护反应系统,能增加样品BET表面积和总孔容积,并降低硫氮含量。     

沙质滩涂中可溶性油的释放动力学研究

沙质滩涂对石油类污染物的吸附是一种物理吸附过程,在一定的条件下,吸附于沙质滩涂中的石油类污染物又可能释放出来,对滨海环境造成新的污染。在对滨海沙滩（胶州湾）沙质滩涂-水系统石油污染调查的基础上,选择代表性的沙滩进行取样,系统测定不同沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学过程,并分析了盐度、pH、温度和含沙量对释放作用的影响。结果表明,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学曲线符合对数型,即随着时间的延续释放速度逐渐降低,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放平衡时间约为10h,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放量随盐度和pH的增大而减少,随温度、含沙量和振荡频率的增加而增加。     

漆酶改性玉米秸秆髓的制备及其吸油特性

采用绿色生物酶技术改性玉米秸秆髓(CSP),在CSP表面由漆酶催化接枝十八胺,以提高材料的亲油疏水性能,制得高效吸油剂LCSP.研究了改性温度、改性时间、TEMPO浓度、漆酶用量及十八胺浓度等因素对LCSP亲油疏水性能的影响,同时采用SEM、BET、XRD、接触角、FTIR、XPS等分析技术对改性前后CSP理化特性进行表征,并进行了吸油研究.结果表明,在35℃下,投加100U/g的漆酶、4.48mmol/LTEMPO、8.91mmol/L十八胺,改性CSP6h,制得的材料吸油量最大、吸水量最小,油吸附量从13.24g/g提升至40.82g/g,水吸附量从13.76g/g降至3.83g/g.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附剂的重复利用实验表明本方法制备的材料具有良好回收再利用能力.     

Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO ex...     

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands,but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers.The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities.Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages(biomass and oi...     

System failure probability evaluation using fault tree analysis and expert opinions in intuitionistic fuzzy environment

In quantitative fault tree analysis of a system, exact failure probability values of components are utilized to calculate the failure probability of the system. However, in many real world problems, it is problematic to get precise and sufficient failure data of system components due to insufficient or imprecise information about components, changing environment or new components. A methodology has already been developed by employing fuzzy set theory for the system reliability evaluation by utilizing qualitative failure data of system components when quantitative failure data of components are inaccessible or insufficient. This paper extends the concept of fuzzy set to intuitionistic fuzzy set and proposes a novel approach to evaluate system failure probability using intuitionistic fuzzy fault tree analysis with qualitative failure data of system components. The qualitative failure data such as expert opinions are collected as linguistic terms. These linguistic terms are then quantified by triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in form of membership function and non-membership function. Additionally, a method is developed for combining the different opinions of experts. To illustrate the applicability of proposed approach, a case study of the crude oil tank fire and explosion accident is performed. The obtained results are very close to the results from pre-existing approaches which confirm that the proposed approach is a more realistic alternative for the study of system reliability in intuitionistic fuzzy environment when quantitative failure data of system components are not known. To help decision makers for improving the security execution of the crude oil tank system, importance measures including Fussell-Vesely importance and cut sets importance are also executed.     

不饱和聚酯树脂在储罐内衬改造中的静电危害分析

为分析不饱和聚酯树脂在内衬改造应用中存在的引燃风险,阐述加油站埋地罐内衬改造工艺,测试不饱和聚酯树脂固化放热特性、与玻璃钢摩擦的滚刷及装树脂绝缘桶的表面静电电位。结果表明:不饱和聚酯树脂与固化剂混合后的放热不足以引起树脂自燃;滚刷、树脂与绝缘桶间摩擦可导致桶表面静电位超过7 kV,带电绝缘体表面与金属凸出物间存在静电放电现象、甚至引起挥发苯乙烯局部闪燃风险。油罐内衬改造时需强化通风以及增加静电防护措施,避免静电放电引起罐内燃爆事故。     

Modelling ice and wax formation in a pipeline in the Arctic environment

In the Arctic environment, the fluid temperature in the pipeline can drop below the freezing point of water, which causes wax and ice to form on the pipeline surface. Solid formation on the pipeline surface can lead to flow assurance and process safety issues, such as blockage of the pipeline, pipeline component failure, and release of hazardous liquid. Remediating the plugging requires a shutdown of pipeline operation, which incurs tremendous cost and delays the entire production system. In order to prevent blockage, the pigging operation can be used to remove the deposits on the pipeline surface on a regular interval. Ice and wax depositions in the pipeline are a slow process. However, if the deposition grows too thick, pipeline blockage can still occur after pigging operation. So, ice and wax deposition rates are required to be estimated accurately. This paper investigates ice and wax deposition rates in a 90,000 m pipeline. A fundamental model for both ice and wax deposition is proposed using the first principles of heat and mass transfer.     

Critical aspects for collision induced oil spill response and recovery system in ice conditions: A model-based analysis

The recovery effectiveness for oil spills in ice conditions depends on a complex system and has not been studied in depth, especially not from a system risk control perspective. This paper aims to identify the critical aspects in the oil spill system to enable effective oil spill recovery. First, a method is developed to identify critical elements in a Bayesian Network model, based on an uncertainty-based risk perspective. The method accounts for sensitivity and the strength of evidence, which are assessed for the different Bayesian Network model features. Then, a Bayesian Network model for the mechanical oil spill recovery system is developed for the Finnish oil spill response fleet, contextualized for representative collision accident scenarios. This model combines information about representative sea ice conditions, ship-ship collisions and their associated oil outflow, the oil dispersion and spreading in the ice conditions, and the oil spill response and recovery of the fleet. Finally, the critical factors are identified by applying the proposed method to the developed oil spill response system model. The identified most critical system factors relates collision aspect: Forcing Representative Scenario, Representative Accident Location, Impact Speed, Impact Location, Impact Angle and response aspect: Response Vessel Operability.