煤焦油加氢制燃料油的试验研究

实验室研究利用煤焦油研制汽柴油替代品燃料油.以高温煤焦油为原料,选择加氢保护剂、脱金属剂及加氢精制催化剂,采用加氢工艺,脱除煤焦油中硫、氮、氧和金属等有害杂质,使煤焦油中烯烃饱和,从而改善煤焦油质量,制得合格的汽油、柴油替代品燃料油.     

长庆油田生态油气田建设探索与实践

介绍了长庆油田生态油气田的建设目标,阐述了具体做法:健全生态环境保护责任体系,依法合规抓项目建设,分步分类解决油田突出环境问题,打造生态文明示范样板,强化环境风险防控,建立生态环境考核体系。得出:坚持正确的保护理念是建设生态油气田的前提,打造生态油气田示范工程,持续推进生态建设、丰富生态保护内涵是促进生态油气田建设向纵深发展的重要因素。坚持开发与保护并重的思想、不触碰生态红线、积极履行生态油气田建设与保护的职责,是企业促进绿色、文明发展的必由之路。     

海上溢油事故等级的综合评定

在综合分析影响溢油事故威胁程度有关的诸多因素的基础上，提出使用模糊神经网络技术来确定各影响因素的权重，进而使用模糊综合评价的方法来评定溢油事故的威胁程度及等级，为进一步的溢油事故应急决策奠定基础。     

石油污染土壤微生物群落结构与分布特性研究

针对污染胁迫下土壤微生物群落结构与分布问题,基于PCR-DGGE分析与系统发育树等现代分子生物学分析方法,探讨典型油田区石油污染土壤微生物群落结构特征,污染水平与微生物群落分布的关系.结果表明,污染土壤石油含量的差异是造成微生物群落结构相似度差异的主要因素;微生物群落结构相似性指数与土壤石油污染水平具有显著相关性;随着土壤污染程度的增加,微生物群落的均匀度指数降低,菌属分布不均匀,表现出土壤微生物群落结构和种属的污染胁迫与分异现象;石油污染土壤中存在明显的优势菌属:Gulosibacter、Halomonas、Petrobacter、Methylocystis、Pseudoalteromonas.本研究结果为认识石油污染土壤微生物特性提供基础.     

加油站三次油气回收技术现状分析与性能提升技术研究

针对近年来加油站三次油气回收设备排放频繁超标的问题,对加油站已投用的三次油气回收设备进行调研分析,找出导致三次油气回收设备排放超标的原因,通过数据模拟对相关结论进行验证,提出解决三次油气回收设备超标排放问题的技术提升措施。     

吉林省采油厂原油含水率分析仪工作场所辐射防护水平调查及分析

通过系统的监测了解吉林地区采油厂原油含水率分析仪的工作场所放射防护现状,为放射源监督管理部门提供参考依据,为保护环境、保护放射工作人员职业健康提供重要保障,为采油厂对辐射装置管理及措施提供依据.采用国家规定的标准方法对吉林省不同工作环境下的5家采油厂的45台原油含水率分析仪的周围剂量当量进行现场监测,对涉及接触原油含水...     

基于Shear Damage模型的剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能研究

为揭示剪切闸板在纯剪切工况条件下(无压差、无悬重)剪切钻杆时剪切力特征,以及悬重、内外压差等复杂工况条件对剪切钻杆时剪切力和油压的影响规律。本文基于Shear Damage断裂损伤模型,通过显示动力学方法开展剪切过程仿真研究。研究结果表明：在纯剪切工况条件下,剪切力随时间增加先逐渐增加再急剧下降为0;在有悬重工况条件下,剪切力和油压随悬重增加而呈减小趋势;在钻杆内压大于外压工况条件下,剪切力和油压均随压差增大而增大;在钻杆内压小于外压工况条件下,剪切力随压差增大而减小,5in(壁厚14.50 mm)、5 in(壁厚12.70 mm)规格钻杆油压随压差增大呈先增加后减小趋势,5in(壁厚10.54 mm)规格钻杆油压随压差变化不明显,其余钻杆油压随压差增大均呈上升趋势。研究结果可为剪切闸板防喷器油压配置、结构优化、关井工艺改进等提供关键技术支撑。     

System failure probability evaluation using fault tree analysis and expert opinions in intuitionistic fuzzy environment

In quantitative fault tree analysis of a system, exact failure probability values of components are utilized to calculate the failure probability of the system. However, in many real world problems, it is problematic to get precise and sufficient failure data of system components due to insufficient or imprecise information about components, changing environment or new components. A methodology has already been developed by employing fuzzy set theory for the system reliability evaluation by utilizing qualitative failure data of system components when quantitative failure data of components are inaccessible or insufficient. This paper extends the concept of fuzzy set to intuitionistic fuzzy set and proposes a novel approach to evaluate system failure probability using intuitionistic fuzzy fault tree analysis with qualitative failure data of system components. The qualitative failure data such as expert opinions are collected as linguistic terms. These linguistic terms are then quantified by triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in form of membership function and non-membership function. Additionally, a method is developed for combining the different opinions of experts. To illustrate the applicability of proposed approach, a case study of the crude oil tank fire and explosion accident is performed. The obtained results are very close to the results from pre-existing approaches which confirm that the proposed approach is a more realistic alternative for the study of system reliability in intuitionistic fuzzy environment when quantitative failure data of system components are not known. To help decision makers for improving the security execution of the crude oil tank system, importance measures including Fussell-Vesely importance and cut sets importance are also executed.     

不饱和聚酯树脂在储罐内衬改造中的静电危害分析

为分析不饱和聚酯树脂在内衬改造应用中存在的引燃风险,阐述加油站埋地罐内衬改造工艺,测试不饱和聚酯树脂固化放热特性、与玻璃钢摩擦的滚刷及装树脂绝缘桶的表面静电电位。结果表明:不饱和聚酯树脂与固化剂混合后的放热不足以引起树脂自燃;滚刷、树脂与绝缘桶间摩擦可导致桶表面静电位超过7 kV,带电绝缘体表面与金属凸出物间存在静电放电现象、甚至引起挥发苯乙烯局部闪燃风险。油罐内衬改造时需强化通风以及增加静电防护措施,避免静电放电引起罐内燃爆事故。     

Modelling ice and wax formation in a pipeline in the Arctic environment

In the Arctic environment, the fluid temperature in the pipeline can drop below the freezing point of water, which causes wax and ice to form on the pipeline surface. Solid formation on the pipeline surface can lead to flow assurance and process safety issues, such as blockage of the pipeline, pipeline component failure, and release of hazardous liquid. Remediating the plugging requires a shutdown of pipeline operation, which incurs tremendous cost and delays the entire production system. In order to prevent blockage, the pigging operation can be used to remove the deposits on the pipeline surface on a regular interval. Ice and wax depositions in the pipeline are a slow process. However, if the deposition grows too thick, pipeline blockage can still occur after pigging operation. So, ice and wax deposition rates are required to be estimated accurately. This paper investigates ice and wax deposition rates in a 90,000 m pipeline. A fundamental model for both ice and wax deposition is proposed using the first principles of heat and mass transfer.