UASB启动及不同HRT对老龄垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响

在UASB反应器中接种好氧污泥培养厌氧颗粒污泥进行启动,研究不同HRT对老龄(13年)垃圾渗滤液对处理效果的影响情况。通过保持进水COD浓度不变、逐步缩短HRT从而提高容积负荷到40 g COD/(L.d)的方法,可以培育出直径为1～3 mm颗粒污泥,最终产气量稳定在100 L/d,甲烷含量在60%～70%之间,COD去除率保持在90%左右,污泥层最底部MLSS为81 g/L。逐步提高HRT依次为6、12、24、48和72 h考察其对处理效果的影响,当HRT为24 h时处理效果最好,COD去除率最高达到35%左右。     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Sustainability evaluation of the Grain for Green Project: from local people's responses to ecological effectiveness in Wolong Nature Reserve

This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given.     

中国老工业城市的发展状态评价及衰退机制

近150 a以来,中国工业建设培育、塑造了大量的工业基地或工业城市,但在改革开放后的市场经济过程中,呈现出不同的发展态势,部分老工业城市明显衰退并逐步成为问题区域。论文在界定老工业城市概念的基础上,设计了由核心指标和辅助指标组成的评价体系,采用1985年数据,对我国老工业城市进行识别和筛选,认为全国共有100个老工业城市,分析了其空间格局和基本特征。然后,以1985—1986年和2008—2009年为时间点,根据工业产值和GDP比重两个指标,通过两维象限方法对我国老工业城市的工业地位和城市发展效益变化进行了对比研究,对其发展状态进行评价和分析,将其分为4类城市,认为我国有46个衰退滞后型老工业城市。然后,从发展路径、重大项目、产业结构、企业和体制等角度,深入揭示了衰退滞后型老工业城市的发展机制。     

论环境司法保护中的民众助法

环境问题日益突出,增强环境的法律保护成为必然选择,而环境司法保护中公益诉讼制度不完善、缺少民众对环境诉讼的监督等问题却不断彰显。亟需在对民众助法及其在环境司法保护中的表现加以探讨的基础上,完善民众对环境司法的参与,加强民众对环境司法的监督,增强环境的司法保护,以在构建现代生态文明中有效发挥最直接的民众力量,促进人与自然的和谐。     

低温环境试验条件恢复的防凝露问题

综合分析了电子产品在做完低温环境试验后,采取条件恢复方法进行恢复处理的利与弊,重点分析了采用直接快速升温对产品进行恢复处理是导致试件凝露的主要原因,通过论证试验提出了2种解决问题的方法,通过验证试验证明,这2种新的恢复方法科学合理、简单易行、效果良好。     

推行清洁生产加快老工业基地振兴与改造

20世纪90年代之后,建立循环经济和清洁生产发展模式已经在国际社会蔚为风潮.发达国家正在把发展清洁生产、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径.本文通过对清洁生产产生的背景及其内涵的分析,指出推行清洁生产是实现老工业基地振兴与改造的必由之路,是达到环境与经济"双赢"的最佳发展模式,最后对推行清洁生产应采取的措施提出几点建议.     

合肥市城区垃圾中转站分布及其建设的思考

垃圾中转站是城市生活垃圾收运处置系统中一个必不可少的环节,合肥市居民生活垃圾中转站目前有31个,其中27个正常运行.由于合肥市垃圾采取卫生填埋处置,现有垃圾中转站的最大特点,就是将垃圾采用高强度的压缩技术进行"打包".我们对合肥市各区垃圾中转站分布及其具体情况也作了详细的调查,并对中转站的位置进行了卫星定位,以期为居民生活垃圾的清运机制的优化打下基础.在对合肥市老城区垃圾中转站进行调查的基础上,提出了合肥市老城区的中转站存在的问题,并对合肥市滨湖新区垃圾中转站的建设提出建议.     

也析建筑施工噪声管理中的几个法律问题

运用法学原理论证只有建筑施工单位是建筑施工噪声环境行政管理相对人,阐明现行申报制度、排污收费制度和“污染者负担原则”在建筑施工噪声管理中的法律适用问题。     

The Northwest Forest Plan: Origins, Components, Implementation Experience, and Suggestions for Change

Abstract:  In the 1990s the federal forests in the Pacific Northwest underwent the largest shift in management focus since their creation, from providing a sustained yield of timber to conserving biodiversity, with an emphasis on endangered species. Triggered by a legal challenge to the federal protection strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl ( Strix occidentalis caurina ), this shift was facilitated by a sequence of science assessments that culminated in the development of the Northwest Forest Plan. The plan, adopted in 1994, called for an extensive system of late-successional and riparian reserves along with some timber harvest on the intervening lands under a set of controls and safeguards. It has proven more successful in stopping actions harmful to conservation of old-growth forests and aquatic systems than in achieving restoration goals and economic and social goals. We make three suggestions that will allow the plan to achieve its goals: (1) recognize that the Northwest Forest Plan has evolved into an integrative conservation strategy, (2) conserve old-growth trees and forests wherever they occur, and (3) manage federal forests as dynamic ecosystems.