无锡市地下水环境质量调查与评价

为了解无锡市地下水水质状况,于2010年10—12月对无锡地区145口地下水井进行采样分析。以地理信息系统为技术手段,对不同土地利用类型和地下水类型的水污染物监测结果进行综合评价。结果表明,无锡全市地下水达标率为45.52%,整体水质情况处于"较好"级别;NH3-N、Mn和Fe为无锡市地下水的主要污染物;无锡市农业和建设用地区域地下水的污染程度整体要高于水体和林地区域;承压层的地下水污染较为严重。提出,无锡市管理部门应根据地下水污染现状,对地下水资源进行动态监测(包括水量和水质监测),并采取强有力的保护与治理措施,以实现区域水资源的持续利用。     

分子筛固载Fe2+-Fenton法降解水中甲基橙的研究

单因素实验考察了不同Fe2+负载量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、温度、催化剂用量、pH值以及H2O2浓度对降解率的影响。正交实验优化了降解反应条件,得出各因素影响显著性的先后顺序为:pH值、温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、H2O2浓度。结果表明:在常压、温度为35℃,起始pH值为3.00、H2O2浓度为0.552mmol/L、催化剂浓度为0.83g/L、反应时间为80min的最佳条件下,甲基橙降解率可达98.15%。对催化剂进行了紫外照射处理回收再生,功率100W条件下,照射3h后再生催化剂活性可达原来的80.64%。     

水芹浮床对NO-x-N类富营养水体的连续小试净化

利用连续小试装置研究了12.0～18.7℃水温下水芹浮床对NO-xN类富营养水体的连续处理效果。试验结果表明,在HRT从3～1d的过程中,CODCr平均去除率分别为(14.0±2.4)%和(46.0±4.0)%,TN平均去除率分别为(34.6±5.8)%和(65.3±5.4)%,TP平均去除率分别为(8.4±1.6)%和(10.7±2.1)%。随着CODCr、TN负荷的增加,CODCr与TN去除率均呈上升趋势。运用经验公式较好地模拟了HRT=1d时,CODCr和TN沿程浓度与距离的关系。     

淮河流域水生态环境现状评价与分析

为了全面评价淮河闸坝与污染对淮河水生态的影响,必须首先对水生态现状有一个全局的认识。从淮河流域全局出发,通过对淮河典型河段的水生态和水环境进行现场调查与室内分析,对流域内水生态环境现状进行了综合评价。采用生物学指数与水生物指示环境结合的方法评价水体污染程度、生态系统稳定性与河流/水库的健康程度。评价结果表明：(1)颍河中下游地区与沭河中下游地区水生态系统脆弱,河流多处于病态;(2)涡河付桥闸、东孙营闸到蒙城闸段水生态系统不稳定,河流不健康,但下游河段水生态有自恢复迹象;(3)洪汝河河流多处于亚健康状态,水生态环境自修复能力较强;(4)淮干水生态环境质量的突变点在临淮岗,上游较好;(5)西部、南部山区水库水生态环境质量最好;(6)整个流域水生态质量西高东低,南高北低;优劣顺序为：西部、南部山区＞洪汝河水系＞涡河中下游地区＞颍河、沭河中下游地区。建议枯水期加大淮干以南及上游山区水库的下泻流量,保持河道畅通和一定流速,提高水体自净能力,同时控制颍河、涡河上游污染物的排放,联合调度水量与水质,淮河水生态得以修复。     

攀西地区主要蔬菜基地土壤重金属含量及评价

对攀西地区米易县蔬菜基地的土壤进行采样,用原子吸收和石墨炉光谱法分析土壤中Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg8种元素的含量。蔬菜基地土壤重金属平均含量分别为Cr 68．8mg／kg、Cu 22．3mg／kg、Ni27．6mg／kg、Zn 146．2mg／kg、Pb31．7mg／kg、Cd0．258mg／kg、As10．3mg／kg、Hg0．0618mg／kg。根据土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—1995）对检测结果进行了单因子和多因子综合污染指数评价。分析表明调查区内少部分蔬菜基地土壤受到轻度重金属污染,主要污染物为Cd元素,其余重金属元素的含量均在安全警戒线内。     

Integrating Sustainable Development into Global Institutions： Reforming the United Nations

This article will briefly outline the origins, structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development （ESD）. Economic development, social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of ESD. The achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society, the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests, promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals, and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be recognized. However, with these notable exceptions, organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership, global policy, co-ordination （inside and outside the UN） and has few achievements in the inter- national and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance - including enforcement, compliance and effectiveness. This article will outline the key reasons for this inadequacy. Attention will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment Organization. This will require a clarification of purpose and function （within the UN system and as part of global governance structures） as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN reform. It is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.     

铜污染土壤添加有机物质的生物效应Ⅰ. 对黑麦草生物量的影响

试验研究了泥炭和堆肥对铜污染土壤盆栽黑麦草生物量的影响。结果表明,在未添加有机物质的情况下,随着污染土壤铜含量的增加,黑麦草生物量呈明显减少的趋势（呈显著负相关）,地下部分对铜毒害的反应比地上部分更敏感;导致黑麦草生物量减产20%的土壤铜含量在200～400 mg/kg之间。添加有机物质能显著促进黑麦草尤其是其地下部分的生长,使中度、重度铜污染土壤上的三茬黑麦草生物量平均增加80%～200%,并提高了导致黑麦草严重减产的土壤铜临界浓度。堆肥的增产效果好于泥炭。在试验的9个月内,有机物质仍能维持对受铜污染的土壤上的黑麦草生长的促进作用。     

建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中的环保检查

为保证建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收质量,建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测已成为建设项目管理中的一个重要组成部分。针对建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中的环保检查内容进行讨论,力求全面地将各项检查内容介绍给同行,供监测人员在进行该项工作时参考     

Enhancing synergies between action on ocean acidification and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Ocean acidification is a substantial emergent threat to marine biodiversity and the goods and services it provides. Although efforts to address ocean acidification have been taken under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a far greater potential to do so exists by finding synergies between biodiversity conservation efforts and ocean acidification action. The ongoing process to develop a post-2020 global biodiversity framework offers an opportunity to ensure that opportunities for addressing ocean acidification are capitalized on and not overlooked. I argue that to achieve this, the following are needed: a technical integration of ocean acidification across the targets to be included in the post-2020 framework and a reframing of the issue as a biodiversity problem so as to highlight the synergies between existing biodiversity work and action needed to address ocean acidification. Given that the post-2020 framework is intended to establish the global biodiversity agenda for the coming decades, integration of ocean acidification will set a precedent for the other biodiversity-related conventions and encourage greater uptake of the issue across the wider international community. My approach is of direct relevance to those participating in the negotiations, both from a CBD Party perspective and the perspective of those advocating for a strong outcome to protect marine biodiversity and marine socioecological systems. My discussion of framing is relevant to those working beyond the CBD within other biodiversity-related conventions in which goals to address ocean acidification are sorely lacking.