Effects of reduced water quality on coral reefs in and out of no‐take marine reserves

Near‐shore marine environments are increasingly subjected to reduced water quality, and their ability to withstand it is critical to their persistence. The potential role marine reserves may play in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality has received little attention. We investigated the spatial and temporal variability in live coral and macro‐algal cover and water quality during moderate and major flooding events of the Fitzroy River within the Keppel Bay region of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from 2007 to 2013. We used 7 years of remote sensing data on water quality and data from long‐term monitoring of coral reefs to quantify exposure of coral reefs to flood plumes. We used a distance linear model to partition the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors, including zoning, as drivers of the observed changes in coral and macro‐algae cover. Moderate flood plumes from 2007 to 2009 did not affect coral cover on reefs in the Keppel Islands, suggesting the reef has intrinsic resistance against short‐term exposure to reduced water quality. However, from 2009 to 2013, live coral cover declined by ～50% following several weeks of exposure to turbid, low salinity water from major flood plume events in 2011 and subsequent moderate events in 2012 and 2013. Although the flooding events in 2012 and 2013 were smaller than the flooding events between 2007 to 2009, the ability of the reefs to withstand these moderate floods was lost, as evidenced by a ～20% decline in coral cover between 2011 to 2013. Although zoning (no‐take reserve or fished) was identified a significant driver of coral cover, we recorded consistently lower coral cover on reserve reefs than on fished reefs throughout the study period and significantly lower cover in 2011. Our findings suggest that even reefs with an inherent resistance to reduced water quality are not able to withstand repeated disturbance events. The limitations of reserves in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality on near‐shore coral reefs underscores the importance of integrated management approaches that combine effective land‐based management with networks of no‐take reserves.     

长管拖车气瓶火烧损伤分析及安全评定

结合长管拖车的结构和火灾事故特点，对瓶体常见损伤模式进行分析，并根据损伤程度的不同制定安全评定流程和相应指标。若漆层完好仅发生熏黄、熏黑，可进行正常定期检验；若漆层发生烧黑、碳化或脱落，抛丸后瓶体未发生颜色异常，则对着火部位硬度测定，合格则正常定检，不合格进行金相分析；若抛丸后瓶体颜色发生变化或微量凸起，则进行硬度测定、金相分析和水压试验；若瓶体发现明显变形，则直接判废。硬度评定合格指标为183〈HB〈269，在269〈HB〈286范围内的需结合化学成分和金相组织综合评定；金相组织以索氏体为主，不允许出现铁素体和珠光体；水压试验要求容积残余变形率小于10％。     

中国大气污染治理:进展·挑战·路径

党的十八大以来,生态文明建设不断推进,其中大气污染治理是生态环境三大攻坚战之一.自2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》发布以来,我国开展了针对PM_2.5（细颗粒物）污染治理的一系列举措,在燃煤污染和移动源污染控制等领域取得了显著成绩,全国空气质量明显好转.相对于2013年,2017年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大区域ρ（PM_2.5）年均值分别下降了40%、34%和28%.然而,目前我国不少区域和城市仍然面临着解决PM_2.5污染的急迫需求,并且O₃（臭氧）污染的重要性逐渐凸显,因此我国空气质量改善工作仍面临巨大挑战.今后在建设生态文明和"美丽中国"的进程中,围绕《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》目标,应重视对非电行业、柴油货车等重点源的控制,加强控制氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放,持续推进能源和结构转型,协同推动我国积极应对气候变化和持续改善空气质量.      

长期保护性耕作制度下紫色土剖面无机磷变化特征

以1990年建立的耕作制定位试验田紫色土为研究对象,分析了常规中稻-冬水田平作(CF)、中稻-冬水田垄作免耕1(RNT1)、中稻-小麦或油菜垄作免耕2(RNT2)和中稻-小麦或油菜水旱轮作(CR)等耕作方式对紫色土剖面不同形态无机磷分布演变特征的影响.结果表明,与试验前土壤相比,长期不同耕作处理的土壤上下层全磷、有效磷和各形态无机磷均有不同程度的增加,各处理土壤中不同形态无机磷含量大小顺序为RNT2CFCRRNT1.除了Fe-P含量下层土壤高于上部耕层外,Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Al~-P、Ca_(10)-P、O-P都表现为耕层高于下层的特征.不同耕作措施对紫色土剖面各形态无机磷含量影响显著,对各形态无机磷有效性影响效果为CRRNTCF.长期水旱轮作更有利于作物对磷的吸收.相关分析表明各组分无机磷对紫色土有效磷的贡献为Ca_2-P(0.936 9)Al~-P(0.915 8)Ca_8-P(0.901 2)Fe-P(0.828 7)Ca_(10)-P(0.805 9)O-P(0.747 2).     

大型赛事中体育场馆内环境噪音对人群的影响研究

环境噪音对人群健康的影响,除了传统的听力损伤和生理评价标准之外,它对人群的心理影响是不可忽视的.为了补充传统评价模型在心理学方面评价的不足,提出了一种基于模糊分析的评价模型,计算篮球赛体育馆内环境噪音对人群影响的评价指标,以模糊数学的隶属度理论为基础,把环境噪音对人群影响的定性评价转变为定量评价,用来表达环境噪音对人群影响的不确定性;以人群对篮球赛体育场馆内环境噪音的主观感觉和环境噪音的强弱、环境噪音频率以及环境噪音随时间的变化为基础,对评价指标权重进行归一化处理计算评价指标综合矩阵,并采用模糊分析法建立评价模型.通过三部分实验测试,证明所提模型能够准确评价篮球赛体育场馆内环境噪音对人群心理烦躁的影响程度.     

保温层下管道腐蚀监测系统及应用研究

为预防保温层下管道腐蚀带来的严重问题,必须采取有效措施进行腐蚀在线监测,以了解管道的剩余壁厚情况。在分析现有的腐蚀监测技术不足的前提下,基于γ射线数字扫描检测技术（GSDT）,研发了1套保温层下管道腐蚀在线监测系统,该系统可以实现对保温层下腐蚀管道剩余壁厚在线监测,并通过带保温层管道的检测试验和t-分布分析方法检验腐蚀监测系统的检测精度,最后以某化工企业为例,验证了该系统的有效性。结果表明:腐蚀监测系统可以实现对保温层管道剩余壁厚的监测,保温层和高密度介质不影响管壁厚度的测量结果,且使用所研发的腐蚀监测系统监测到的管道腐蚀速率与现场实际腐蚀速率基本一致。     

Being watched over by a conversation robot may enhance safety in simulated driving

IntroductionIn an aging society that is more and more information-oriented, being able to replace human passengers’ protective effects on vehicle drivers with those of social robots is both essential and promising. However, the effects of a social robot’s presence on drivers have not yet been fully explored. Thus, using a driving simulator and a conversation robot, this experimental study had two main goals: (a) to find out whether social robots’ anthropomorphic qualities (i.e., not the practical information the robot provides drivers) have protective effects by promoting attentive driving and alleviating crash risks; and (b) by what psychological processes such effects emerge. Method: Participants were recruited from young (n = 38), the middle-aged (n = 39), and the elderly (n = 49) age groups. They were assigned to either the treatment group (simulated driving in a conversation robot’s presence) or the control group (simulated driving alone), and their driving performance was measured. Mental states (peaceful, concentrating, and reflective) also were assessed in a post-driving questionnaire using our original scales. Results: Although the group of older participants did not experience protective effects (perhaps due to motion sickness), the young participants drove attentively, with the robot enhancing peace of mind. The protective effect was also observed among the middle-aged participants, and the verbal data analysis ascribed this to the robot’s role of expressing sympathy, especially when the middle-aged drivers nearly had not-at-fault crashes, which caused them to be stressed. In conclusion, we discuss the practical implications of the results.     

旱作小麦─玉米垅种沟盖地膜带田集水调水与增产效应研究

旱作垅种（小麦）沟盖（玉米）地膜带田优于目前推广的沟种（小麦）垅盖（玉米）带田种植形式。在作物共生期相互调水作用更趋合理，平衡了小麦、玉米不同生育阶段对水分的供需矛盾，作物的生态条件更加适宜，群体结构更加协调，提高了作物的生产量，前者比后者增产９０％～１２５％。     

基于JSP和Mysq1的环境监测网络数据管理

从环境监测数据管理的意义和重要性出发,介绍了环境监测网络数据管理系统,并给出了空气质量监测数据在系统中流程和计算处理的方法,实现了环境监测数据网络管理的功能,保证了空气质量数据传输的准确性和实时性。     

湖北黄梅铁矿薄皮推覆构造及其控矿作用

黄梅铁矿区志留——泥盆系构成上薄皮推覆体,石炭——下、中三叠统构成中薄皮推覆体,而中、新生界为相对原地体。总体格架是在具有高差异应力(平均值为203.24MPa)和高应变速率(平均值为1.15×10~(-7)sec~(-1))以脆性变形为主的浅层次由NNW指向SSE方向的推覆构造运动中孕育的。菱铁矿床的形成经历了三个阶段:早期,成岩菱铁矿和矿源层的形成;中期,经层滑——逆冲断裂的构造热液的强烈改造并重新富集;晚期,层滑——逆冲断裂的破坏作用。