玻璃厂氟污染对周围生态环境的影响

不同树种对氟化物的吸收能力有差异.吸收能力和抵抗能力之间并无明显的相关注,因此在氟污染源附近进行环境绿化时,必须选择吸氟和抗氟能力都较强的园林树种.氟污染具有方向性, 可以通过测定不同部位的叶片含氟量来确定污染源的方位.水洗后的叶片含氟量明显下降,说明玻璃厂排放的含氟烟气中,含氟粉尘占有重要地位.对防治玻璃厂的氟污染危害提出了合理的建议.     

Least-inference methods for constructing networks of trophic flows

The construction of material and energy budgets within ecosystems has long been accomplished via manual calculation. Recently, optimization techniques have been adapted to automate the procedure, but these methods require assumptions that may not square with biological reality. Two algorithms are developed to construct ecosystem budgets under minimal inference. Although the methods do not recapitulate the model used to generate the input data, analysis reveals that the results do not differ statistically from networks that were constructed manually.     

三峡库区万县市城市景观的生态研究

通过比较万县市不同时期的城市景观，分析其发展变化过程，表明该市景观形状不规则，边缘效应强，道路网络简单，流的运动不畅；土地利用不合理，存在环境污染严重等生态问题，并且有逐渐恶化的趋势。三峡工程使该市景观发生大的变化，城市环境将明显改善。     

Cooling of bat hibernacula to mitigate white-nose syndrome

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease that has caused precipitous declines in several North American bat species, creating an urgent need for conservation. We examined how microclimates and other characteristics of hibernacula have affected bat populations following WNS-associated declines and evaluated whether cooling of warm, little-used hibernacula could benefit bats. During the period following mass mortality (2013–2020), we conducted 191 winter surveys of 25 unmanipulated hibernacula and 6 manipulated hibernacula across Pennsylvania (USA). We joined these data with additional datasets on historical (pre-WNS) bat counts and on the spatial distribution of underground sites. We used generalized linear mixed models and model selection to identify factors affecting bat populations. Winter counts of Myotis lucifugus were higher and increased over time in colder hibernacula (those with midwinter temperatures of 3–6 °C) compared with warmer (7–11 °C) hibernacula. Counts of Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis leibii, and Myotis septentrionalis were likewise higher in colder hibernacula (temperature effects = –0.73 [SE 0.15], –0.51 [0.18], and –0.97 [0.28], respectively). Populations of M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis increased most over time in hibernacula surrounded by more nearby sites, whereas Eptesicus fuscus counts remained high where they had been high before WNS onset (pre-WNS high count effect = 0.59 [0.22]). Winter counts of M. leibii were higher in hibernacula with high vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) (particularly over 0.1 kPa) compared with sites with lower VPDs (VPD effect = 15.3 [4.6]). Counts of M. lucifugus and E. fuscus also appeared higher where VPD was higher. In contrast, Perimyotis subflavus counts increased over time in relatively warm hibernacula and were unaffected by VPD. Where we manipulated hibernacula, we achieved cooling of on average 2.1 °C. At manipulated hibernacula, counts of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus increased over time (years since manipulation effect = 0.70 [0.28] and 0.51 [0.15], respectively). Further, there were more E. fuscus where cooling was greatest (temperature difference effect = –0.46 [SE 0.11]), and there was some evidence there were more P. subflavus in hibernacula sections that remained warm after manipulation. These data show bats are responding effectively to WNS through habitat selection. In M. lucifugus, M. septentrionalis, and possibly P. subflavus, this response is ongoing, with bats increasingly aggregating at suitable hibernacula, whereas E. fuscus remain in previously favored sites. Our results suggest that cooling warm sites receiving little use by bats is a viable strategy for combating WNS.     

典型草地生态监测敏感因子筛选研究

选择甘肃省有代表性的草地生态环境———天祝县草地生态环境,进行生态环境监测指标体系敏感因子的筛选研究。通过实验、调查,收集大量数据资料,初步筛选、确定草地生态环境监测敏感因子,对所选敏感因子进行计算机处理与分析,确定敏感因子相关因素,从而建立数学模型;验证、修改和完善模型,最终建立草原生态环境监测系统简洁、高效的敏感因子指标体系,为建立和完善生态环境监测系统,准确、客观地评价生态环境奠定基础。     

WSSD 2002, Latin America and Brazil: Biodiversity and Indigenous People

Latin America comprehends notable variations in terms of natural environment, availability of natural resources, living standards, and demographic patterns. Latin America is a mosaic of cultures, post- and pre-Columbian. The rich variety of life forms discovered and described by chroniclers and traveling naturalists in the Neotropics contributed to the proposal, in mid-XVIIIth century, of a new system of classification and a scientific code of nomenclature for all organisms. Biodiversity was, for many centuries, a source of resources to be exploited in natura. In scientific circles, its inventory became the domain of taxonomists. But modern technology showed how important the miriad of life forms really are as sources of chemical molecules to be engineered as drugs and reassembled as novel manufactured products. We are on the brink of a new agricultural and medical revolution, thanks to the techniques of genetic engineering, which will lead eventually to the elimination of hunger and malnutrition.In this essay, the Brazilian environmental and social heterogeneity will serve as an example to illustrate some key points, which have influenced sustainability policies. The Amazon deforestation and indigenous knowledge (IK), subjects often associated with areas of high biodiversity, are usually the focus of environmental debates. The importance of IK in integrating development, reducing poverty and sustainability are considered together with the intellectual property rights of native populations.In the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Implementation Plan, a few paragraphs were dedicated to Latin America, because of the pre-existing Action Platform on the Road to Johannesburg 2002, approved in Rio de Janeiro in October 2001. This paper calls attention to the need to draw up specific environmental policies for a region which shows an extremely high cultural and biological diversity, associated with a high availability of forests and water, among other resources.     

生态系统评价的回顾与展望--从北美生态区域评价到新千年全球生态系统评估

生态系统评价对于生态系统的可持续经营以及社会可持续发展具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了在生态区域评价的发展过程中具有重要意义的一系列事件，阐述了生态系统评价在北美和全球的发展过程、生态系统评价的有关概念、内容及其对于生态系统可持续经营的重要意义，同时还介绍了我国参与新千年生态系统评估的一些行动，并对中国的生态系统评价提出看法。     

论中国山水画与古典园林的关系

中国山水画与古典园林相互之间关系密切.在历史上几乎都是相互制约、相互推进.在现代园林启蒙完成之时,重新研讨中国山水画与古典园林,取其精华,去其糟粕,对园林的现代化具有特别的意义.     

三都湾生态监控区(近海部分)浮游动物的分布特征

根据2004年三都湾生态监控区(近海部分)浮游动物的监测资料,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成和数量分布特征.经分析,鉴定出浮游动物139种及浮游幼体和幼虫54种(类),分5个生态类群,以暖水近岸类群为主.本海域主要优势种有:拟细浅室水母、中华哲水蚤、强额拟哲水蚤、刺尾纺锤水蚤、肥胖箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫.该海域浮游动物种类数5月从北向南有下降的趋势;8月由北向南呈上升的趋势,各断面种类数有由近岸向外上升的趋势.5月份浮游动物平均生物量明显高于8月份.     

推动生态环境科技成果转化的对策研究

生态环境科技成果转化是打好污染防治攻坚战的关键之举，目前我国生态环境科技成果转化水平较低，还存在着工作体系不完整、供需脱节和缺少有效的对接渠道等问题。本文分析了生态环境科技成果转化的内涵及其特点，并针对现有问题，从建设体制机制和平台、搭建成果转化评价体系、发挥政府和市场双重作用、促进多行业成果融合的角度提出了未来推动生态环境科技成果转化的对策建议。