环氧丙烷生产工艺现状及清洁生产研究进展

对环氧丙烷生产工艺的现状及新动向进行了综述,指出与蒽醌法制Ｈ２Ｏ２内烯直接环氧化工艺是环氧丙烷清洁生产的发展方向。     

不同活性组分催化剂的氧化活性和热稳定性

采用流动法催化反应装置测定了蜂窝陶瓷负载催化剂同时催化氧化丙烷 ( C₃H₈)、丙烯 ( c₃H₆)和 CO的活性 ,考察活性组分 Pd和非贵金属氧化物、La改性、反应空速对起燃温度、热稳定性和动力学转化特征的影响 .结果显示 ,含 Pd催化剂上 C₃H₆和 CO的起燃温度比 C₃H₈低 ,1150℃高温老化对 C₃H₈氧化性能的影响比对 C₃H₆和 CO的小 .含稀土非贵金属氧化物的活性、热稳定性及动力学转化性能都比单 Pd催化剂低 ,添加 La能提高 2类催化剂的初活性和高温热稳定性 .     

The role of primary and secondary air pollutants in atmospheric pollution: Athens urban area as a case study

The question to what extent primary and secondary air pollutants are relevant to atmospheric pollution and their effects on human health and the quality of the environment can be answered in a straight-forward manner: atmospheric processes, including oxidation procedures, particle formation and equilibria, determine the fate of primary emissions and, in most cases, the secondary products of these processes are the more important ones concerning their effects on human health and the quality of the environment. The formation of secondary products represents the critical property determining the establishment of certain air standards, rather than the actually emitted substance, although there are notable exceptions. In this paper, a review concerning transformation of primary pollutants as studied in the atmosphere of Athens is used to enlighten matters that may need further attention by the responsible authorities and stakeholders for the control and reduction of atmospheric pollution.     

微波催化氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的正交试验

在微波辐射条件下,采用活性炭与Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液,并通过正交试验考察了微波辐射时间、pH、活性炭用量、硫酸亚铁用量和H2O2用量对处理效果的影响.结果表明:pH对处理效果的影响最大,其次为活性炭用量、微波辐射时间、硫酸亚铁用量和H2O2用量;在100 mL水样中,最佳处理条件为活性炭2 g、H2O20.2 mL、硫酸亚铁0.834 g、pH 6、微波辐射时间10 min,垃圾渗滤液中的COD去除率达到75.36%.     

甘氨酸厂废液综合治理的工艺及实验研究

对氯乙酸氨解法生产甘氨酸所排放的工业废水首先运用多效真空蒸发兼热泵技术回收氯化铵,然后对蒸发过程中产生的二次蒸汽冷凝水采用一次吹脱-催化氧化-二次吹脱的工艺进行处理,可使废水中的各种污染物有效去除。通过实验确定了冷凝水处理过程中的吹脱及氧化的最佳工艺参数。     

催化湿式氧化法处理糖蜜酒精废液的研究

以非贵金属Cu、Fe、Mn和Ce为主要活性成分和TiO2、-γA l2O3为载体,制备了10种用于催化湿式氧化法处理糖蜜酒精废液的催化剂。考察了载体、焙烧温度、成分配比对催化剂催化活性与稳定性的影响,研究了氧气分压、催化剂投加量、反应温度和反应时间对催化湿式氧化过程的影响规律。结果表明:(1)Fe-Mn/-γA l2O3(3∶1∶1)催化剂是催化湿式氧化法处理糖蜜酒精废液的可选催化剂;(2)适宜的氧气供应量为理论需氧量的3.4~4.6倍,催化剂的投加量以10 g/L为佳;在300℃下反应30 m in或在280℃下反应60 m in,处理水可达到污水综合排放标准GB9878-1996的三级标准。     

活性炭纤维的氧化处理研究

采用静态保干器法测定了活性炭纤维对乙醇、丙酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮的吸附量。研究了酸氧化处理对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响,并用电位滴定法确定了活性炭纤维氧化前后表面含氧官能团的变化。结果表明,活性炭纤维对3种吸附质的吸附量均随时间延长而增加,但饱和吸附量及达到饱和吸附的时间因吸附质的不同而不同。氧化处理后,活性炭纤维表面含氧官能团发生变化,对乙醇的吸附量增加18%,而对N-甲基吡咯烷酮的吸附量提高了300%。     

气浮-水解-好氧工艺处理制药废水

利用气浮-水解-好氧工艺处理制药废水。运行结果表明,该工艺处理效率高,操作简单,处理后排放废水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB9878 1996 )。     

对影响三槽氧化沟工艺除磷效果因素的分析

通过对唐山市北郊污水处理厂三槽氧化沟工艺分析,发现污泥浓缩池上清液的回流和无法形成严格厌氧环境是该工艺除磷效果不佳的主要原因。文中提出了一些改进途径。     

Degradation of H-acid in aqueous solution by microwave assisted wet air oxidation using Ni-loaded GAC as catalyst

A novel process, microwave assisted catalytic wet air oxidation( MW-CWO), was applied for the degradation of H-acid( l-amino8-naphthol-3, 6-disulfonic acid) in aqueous solution, Ni-loaded granular activated carbon (GAC), prepared by immersion-calcination method, was used as catalyst. The results showed that the MW-CWO process was very effective for the degradation of H-acid in aqueous solution under atmospheric pressure with 87.4% TOC (total organic carbon) reduction in 20 min. Ni on GAC existed in the form of NiO as specified by XRD. Loss of Ni was significant in the initial stage, and then remained almost constant after 20 min reaction. BET surface area results showed that the surface property of GAC after MW-CWO process was superior to that of blank GAC.