乳化液废水均相催化湿式氧化动力学

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,以高浓度难降解乳化废水为处理对象,研究了温度对铜盐均相湿式氧化的影响和动力学特征.结果表明:升高温度对加快后期反应速度更为有利,催化剂有利于中间产物氧化,在200℃催化活性最高,在进水COD48 400mg/L,反应2h去除率为86.6%;催化剂在不同温度作用下机制有所差别:200℃时3个途径反应速度均加快,中间产物加速氧化更明显;220～240℃时反应向生成中间产物方向偏移,活性降低;通用模型能较好地预测均相催化过程.     

化学链燃烧中钙基载氧体CaSO4再生的氧化反应机理

在热重和红外联用进行等温实验的基础上,探讨了氧体积分数为10%、20%,970～1150℃温度范围内化学链燃烧过程中钙基载氧体再生(CaS)的氧化特性.结果显示,CaS氧化的直接产物主要为CaSO4,只有在诱导期生成极少量CaO和SO2;但CaSO4与CaS还可进一步反应,生成更多CaO和SO2.通过对氧气浓度和温度的实验条件改变,研究了CaSO4的转化率、转化速率,并辅以SO2析出速率分析,获得了CaSO4相对于CaO的瞬时选择性、CaSO4的收率和反应选择率.结果表明,钙基载氧体CaSO4再生过程氧化反应的适宜条件为温度970～1000℃以及较高的氧气气氛,这不仅可以抑制SO2的排放量从而得到较高的反应选择率,同时反应过程也具有较高的转化速率.     

脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液

采用脱氮—混凝气浮—UASB—接触氧化工艺处理高氨氮、高浊度的垃圾渗滤液，使处理后出水的各项指标完全达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级新扩改标准。对废水处理系统的工艺作了简单介绍，并对系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结。     

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature during coal spontaneous combustion

Spontaneous combustion is a major natural disaster in coal production. In the process of exploring coal self-ignition, a series of hypotheses have been put forward, most scholars agree that the current coal-oxygen compound theory. Oxygen consumption rate reflects the status of coal spontaneous combustion, and it is also one of the parameters necessary for numerical simulation of coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, a coal heating and oxidation experiment was designed, Experimental device consists of heating and oxidation furnace, gas chromatograph, temperature control and data acquisition systems and other equipment components. Three coal samples whose weight each is 5 g were selected for the study. By experiment, oxygen concentration at the inlet and outlet of temperature oxidation furnace was measured. Oxygen consumption rate is calculated in the heating process of coal according to air flow. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the temperature as abscissa and the oxygen consumption rate for the longitudinal coordinates, drawing the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature plot. And then regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and coal temperature during the heating and oxidation process of coal. The results show that the oxygen consumption rate and temperature of coal were linear relationships both before and after the critical temperature when the coal temperature is less than 180 °C. Before the critical temperature oxygen consumption rate is low, however it increases rapidly when coal temperature reaches a critical temperature. The result is important for the prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion of coal.     

疏水型H-ZSM-5分子筛上NO氧化反应的研究

针对NO低温氧化催化剂的抗水汽性差的问题,以疏水型高硅H-ZSM-5分子筛为NO氧化催化剂,在温度为10~90℃、NO进口浓度为0.05%~0.08%,及相对湿度为0~100%条件下,考察了NO的氧化反应.结果表明,H-ZSM-5分子筛的硅铝比由50提高至300时,湿气条件(水汽含量1.18%)下,NO氧化率由20%升高至56%;干气下,低温有利于NO氧化;湿气下(水汽含量1.18%),NO氧化率随着温度的升高先增加后减少,最佳反应温度为20℃,与NOx工业废气的排放温度相近.200h的稳定性试验结果显示,在30℃、NO进口浓度0.08%、空时0.5s、保持相对湿度为50%或100%时,NO氧化率可维持在60%和50%,催化剂具有良好的稳定性.     

非均相催化臭氧处理高浓度制药废水的研究

非均相催化臭氧是一种对高浓度制药废水进行预处理的有效方法.本研究采用单一活性炭吸附、单一臭氧氧化和臭氧/活性炭联用3种体系对实际制药废水进行预处理,并对处理过程中的工艺参数进行优化.结果表明,相比单一活性炭吸附和单一臭氧降解体系,臭氧/活性炭联用体系能显著提高COD、TOC的去除率及BOD5/COD值,并显示出良好的协...     

Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali FGD system

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization （FGD） system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and 4）.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed that the consumption rate of thiosulfate agreed well with the laboratory-scale experimental results.     

Enhanced catalytic complete oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane over mesoporous transition metal-doped γ-Al2O3

High-surface-area mesoprous powders of γ-Al₂O₃ doped with Cu^2 +, Cr^3 +, and V^3 + ions were prepared via a modified sol–gel method and were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds. The composites retained high surface areas and pore volumes comparable with those of undoped γ-Al₂O₃ and the presence of the transition metal ions enhanced their surface acidic properties. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was studied in the temperature range of 250–400°C. The catalytic activity and product selectivity were strongly dependent on the presence and the type of dopant ion. While Cu^2 +- and Cr^3 +-containing catalysts showed 100% conversion at 300°C and 350°C, V^3 +-containing catalyst showed considerably lower conversion. Furthermore, while the major products of the reactions over γ-alumina were vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) at all temperatures, Cu- and Cr-doped catalysts showed significantly stronger capability for deep oxidation to CO₂.     

氧化铝载体下二氧化氯催化氧化处理印染废水

研究了二氧化氯化学氧化体系和二氧化氯催化氧化体系。实验结果表明:单用二氧化氯化学氧化处理COD为2700mg/L的活性艳红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为10,氧化剂经济用量为800mgClO2/L废水,反应时间为30min,COD去除率可达63%左右,氧化指数(COD削减量∶ClO2投加量)=2.18。当二氧化氯与自制催化剂所组成的催化氧化体系用于对活性艳红染料配制废水的处理时,最佳反应pH值为10左右,氧化剂经济用量为1000mgClO2/L废水,反应时间为90min,COD去除率可达83.4%,氧化指数=2.25。结果表明,二氧化氯催化氧化法是一种新型高效的处理难降解废水的技术,有着广阔的应用前景。     

不同波长紫外光催化降解活性艳蓝KN-R动力学研究

以蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝KN-R(以下简称KN-R)为对象,以TiO2为光催化剂,实验了不同波段紫外光条件下KN-R的降解过程。结果表明:365 nm和254 nm两种波段对于KN-R的光催化降解过程均符合假一级动力学方程,但是通过对比各初始浓度下活性艳红KN-R的反应速率常数(Kapp)可以发现,在相同紫外灯功率下,短波辐射下的Kapp平均为长波辐射下Kapp的3倍,说明短波紫外更有利于活性艳蓝KN-R的降解。