高浓度难降解有机废水的催化氧化技术及其进展

根据催化剂的激活因子不同 ,本文将催化氧化法分为湿式催化氧化法 (WCO)、光催化氧化法 (PCO)和电催化氧化法 (ECO)三种 ,并阐述了各自的反应机理及应用研究状况 ,提出了今后需要加强的研究方向     

酶制剂废水处理的试验研究

采用直接混凝、直接水解 -接触氧化的生化处理以及混凝 -水解 -接触氧化 3种不同工艺对某酶制剂废水进行处理。结果表明 ,针对浓度为 6 2 0 0mg/L的原水 ,用本单位的混凝剂 4号进行直接的混凝处理 ,在加入量为 10 0mg/L时可以得到 6 6 %的CODCr处理率 ;同样浓度的原水直接进行水解 -接触氧化生化处理 ,在 34h的停留时间后可以达到国家二类二级排放标准 ;经过混凝处理后的出水进行的生化实验则表明 ,达到国家排放标准的生化停留时间可缩短至 2 2h。     

Geochemistry and acidity of sulphide-bearing postglacial sediments of western Finland

The geochemistry, mineralogy, acidity and electric conductivity of sulphide-bearing postglacial sediments located on the coastal plains of western Finland were studied. Grain size and mineralogical analysis (eight samples studied) indicated that the sediments are silts dominated by primary minerals (quartz, feldspars), and that the clay fraction (<2µm), which made up less than one-third of the bulk samples, is enriched in phyllosilicates but depleted in quartz and feldspars, relative to bulk samples. As compared to the metal contents of the fine-fraction of glacial till (data of the Geological Survey of Finland), the fine sediments appear to be enriched in sulphur (median = 0.54%) and trace metals such as Ni (31 µg g^–1), Zn (90 µg g^–1), Co (13 µg g^–1), Cr (48 µg g^–1) and V (50 µg g^–1). Statistical analysis indicated that aluminosilicates are the principal carrier phases of trace metals, and that sulphides and organic matter only partially control the distribution of elements other than S and C. A 3-g portion of 232 samples was oxidised in the laboratory by atmospheric oxygen for a period of 1 year. After this period of oxidation, 15 ml of water was added, after which pH and electric conductivity of the suspensions (sediment:water, 1:5) were measured. The quantities of elements mobilised by the oxidation was calculated from the dissolved concentrations found in 3 g of oxidised sediment suspended in 30 ml of deionised water (eight samples studied). The results of the experiment showed that the impact of sulphide oxidation on the pH and conductivity of the sediments is large, and that a high proportion (>13%) of the aqua-regia extractable contents of several elements (Co, Mn, Ca, Ni, Zn, Sr, Na and B) are mobilised at oxidation. Because of the high quantities of acidity and metals liberated at oxidation, it is argued that stream-water quality, which is poor in the study area, will not improve unless artificial draining is restricted in areas of sulphide sediments.     

Removal of the herbicide amitrole from water by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton

Here we demonstrate that an aqueous solution of the herbicide amitrole can be completely depolluted at pH 3.0 by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton process. Anodic oxidation gives faster degradation with a boron-doped diamond anode than with a Pt anode. Electro-Fenton with a Pt anode and 1 mmol l ^–1 Fe²⁺ as catalyst yields the quickest depollution. Amitrole decay always follows a pseudo first-order reaction. NO₃^– and NH₄⁺ are accumulated in the medium during mineralization, although volatile N-products are also formed. These environmentally friendly electrochemical treatments could be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing amitrole.     

苯酚的超临界水氧化试验

以自建的一套连续式超临界水氧化装置的温度，压力，溶氧量和流量等参数的可控性进行了实验，并在此基础上进行了苯酚的超临界水氧化研究。结果表明：所建立的装置能比较精确控制各种条件参数，是可靠的超临界水氧化试验研究装置。在氧气过量的条件下，停留时间是影响苯酚在超临界水中氧化分解的主要因素，反应的温度和压力升高导致苯致苯酚去除率的增大，只要有足够的氧气，苯酚起始浓度的增加对苯酚的转化率影响不明显，在实验条件下，溶液中苯酚的去除动力学对苯酚是一级，氧气是零级。     

新型废水生物脱氮的微生物学研究进展

生物脱氮是含氮废水处理公认的最佳处理方式,随着对生物脱氮微生物学原理研究的不断深入,许多新的生物脱氮特殊菌株或菌群及微生物转化机制不断被发现.本文在传统生物脱氮过程机理上,结合最近国内外生物脱氮的新发现,就短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化的微生物学原理进行了阐述.图1表2参23     

五里塘生态农场有机废弃物的资源化生态工艺

上海市松江县五里塘生态农场以沼气工程、氧化沟和鱼塘围网养鸭为主的生态工程,有效地利用了农场产生的大量禽畜粪便并解决了沼液,沼渣的二次污染问题;在沼气池上建玻璃温室保温,使沼气池能正常越冬从而得以周年运转.生态工程的建立,取得了良好的经济、生态和环境效益.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated glass micro-spheres

The photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances in aqueous solutions and natural waters with TiO₂ attached to buoyant, hollow glass micro-spheres was studied. A maximum oxidation efficiency of 3.6 mg W^–1 h^–1 was achieved in neutral or alkaline media at a plane surface concentration of the catalyst attached to the micro-spheres of 25 g m^–2. Proceeding by different mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency did not benefit from an excessive presence of hydroxyl radical promoters, hydrogen peroxide and alkali.     

电子受体及中间产物对厌氧氨氧化的影响

研究了厌氧氨氧化混合培养物对不同基质(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐)的转化特性，确定了氨和硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐转化比例(物质的量)分别为1.085、0.897．亚硝酸盐转化成硝酸盐的比率为14.97％．在培养液中加入厌氧氨氧化的中间产物羟胺可以加速反应的进行．图3表2参9     

氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的氧化速率及其形态分布

采用氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂，论述了不同亚铁溶液中氧化水解动力学、氧化过程PH值变化以及不同反应过程对聚合氯化铁形态分布的影响；结果表明，氯化亚铁溶液的氧化速率主要受溶液的含酸量和三价铁离子的水解聚合反应的协同效应的影响，当溶液酸量达到最低点时，亚铁氧化速度也将降至最慢；通过形态分布、稳定性及氧化速度的研究确定了制备聚合氯化铁的最佳条件。