接触氧化过滤一体化生物反应器处理城市污水

针对一种采用组合填料的接触氧化过滤一体化生物反应器,进行了以间歇方式处理城市污水的试验研究.结果表明,在曝气时间为60 min,DO为2～3 mg/L,反应器上部填料层容积负荷率(以COD计)为2.4 kg/(m~3·d),生物滤床初始滤速为5 m/h时,反应器出水COD、NH_4~+-N、浊度的平均去除率分别为90.6%、81.4%和96.7%,但TP去除效果欠佳,平均去除率为60.1%.     

催化湿式氧化法处理三环唑生产废水

在高压釜中进行了三环唑农药生产敦水间歇催化湿式氧化试验，结果表明，该法处理高浓度有有毒有机废水是有效的。在试验条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率达８０％。反应温度对处理效果影响最大，铜系催化剂具有较高的催化活性。     

厌氧氨氧化-反硝化协同脱氮研究

采用厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）工艺的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）-生物膜反应器（简称反应器）处理高浓度含氮废水,启动并稳定运行630d后,进行进水浓度负荷实验分析。当进水ρ（NH3-N）,ρ（NO2--N）,ρ（TN）分别为340．0,448．8,788．8mg／L时,其去除率分别为84．0％,93．0％,85．0％。在反应器中连续加入有机物（葡萄糖）,进水ρ（NH3-N）和ρ（NO2--N）分别为240．0,316．8mg／L,进水COD为330．0—380．0mg／L,COD去除率达92．0％。仅用23d,在同一反应器系统中成功实现了ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用脱氮。葡萄糖的存在对系统去除NH3-N和NO2--N的能力影响不大。     

两种含不同T型氧化沟工艺的城市污水处理厂除磷脱氮效果分析

对两个采用不同T型氧化沟工艺的城市污水处理厂的工艺、除磷脱氮的效果进行了分析,提出T型氧化沟工艺在大型城市污水处理厂仍有良好的应用前景。     

间歇曝气氧化沟工艺处理城市污水实验

为了提高氧化沟工艺对城市污水的脱氮能力,对设置缺氧池和厌氧池的氧化沟工艺采用了鼓风曝气和水下搅拌的曝气方式和连续流间歇曝气的运行方式。研究结果表明:间歇鼓风曝气的运行方式能够提高氧化沟系统的脱氮率,可达43.29%~62.35%;同时提高了系统的脱磷效率,脱磷率达40.23%~76.67%;而曝气能耗比同等条件转刷曝气的能耗降低42.86%~57.14%。     

Co-present Pb(II) accelerates the oxidation of organic contaminants by permanganate: Role of Pb(III)

• Simultaneous removal of organic contaminants and Pb(II) was achieved by Mn(VII). • Pb(II) enhanced Mn(VII) oxidation performance over a wide pH range. • Pb(II) did not alter the pH-rate profile for contaminants oxidation by Mn(VII). • Mn(VII) alone cannot oxidize Pb(II) effectively at pH below 5.0. • Pb(III) plays important roles on enhancing Mn(VII) decontamination process. The permanganate (Mn(VII)) oxidation has emerged as a promising technology for the remediation and treatment of the groundwater and surface water contaminated with the organic compounds. Nonetheless, only a few studies have been conducted to explore the role of the heavy metals (especially the redox-active ones) during the Mn(VII) oxidation process. In this study, taking Pb(II) as an example, its influence on the Mn(VII) decontamination performance has been extensively investigated. It was found that, with the presence of Pb(II), Mn(VII) could degrade diclofenac (DCF), 2,4-dichlorophenol, and aniline more effectively than without. For instance, over a wide pH range of 4.5–8.0, the dosing of 10 μmol/L Pb(II) accelerated the DCF removal rate from 0.006–0.25 min⁻¹ to 0.05–0.46 min⁻¹ with a promotion factor of 1.9–9.4. Although the UV-vis spectroscopic and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses suggested that Mn(VII) could react with Pb(II) to produce Mn(IV) and Pb(IV) at pH 6.0–8.0, further experiments revealed that Pb(II) did not exert its enhancing effect through promoting the generation of MnO₂, as the reactivity of MnO₂ was poor under the employed pH range. At pH below 5.0, it was interesting to find that, a negligible amount of MnO₂ was formed in the Mn(VII)/Pb(II) system in the absence of contaminants, while once MnO₂ was generated in the presence of contaminants, it could catalyze the Pb(II) oxidation to Pb(IV) by Mn(VII). Collectively, by highlighting the conversion process of Pb(II) to Pb(IV) by either Mn(VII) or MnO₂, the reactive Pb(III) intermediates were proposed to account for the Pb(II) enhancement effect.     

超临界水氧化方法处理含酚废水

在亚临界及超临界条件下,在间歇式、连续式反应器中研究了温度、压力、停留时间对苯酚去除率的影响。发现在其他条件不变的情况下,随反应温度和压力的升高,停留时间的延长,苯酚的去除率提高;在很短的停留时间内,苯酚的去除率可达９６％以上。对苯酚氧化中间产物的研究证明了该技术的氧化彻底性。     

高浓度难降解乳化废水湿式氧化动力学

以高浓度难降解乳化废水为处理对象,在2L高压间歇反应釜中,研究了温度对湿式氧化的影响和动力学特征。结果表明,升高温度不但促使反应向直接氧化成终产物方向偏移,也使中间产物加速氧化,使CODcr和TOC去除率显著提高,220℃时可分别达86．4％和79．5％;通用动力学模型能较好预测湿式氧化过程,并得到基于CODcr的表观活化能：有机物直接氧化成终产物为6．19kJ／mol;中间产物氧化成终产物为24．47kJ／mol。     

改性Ti4O7阳极对氯霉素的高效电氧化降解

针对传统电化学氧化中阳极是污染物催化氧化的核心,寻找一种具有高析氧电位,高反应活性面积,优良催化活性的阳极是当下亟待解决的问题。为此,选取了亚氧化钛(Ti₄O₇)电极作为基础电极且对其进行过渡金属元素掺杂改性。通过各种表征及降解性能研究发现,所制备改性电极相对于纯Ti₄O₇电极催化性能有所提高。其中,锆(zirconium, Zr)元素掺杂后使得改性电极具有更高的析氧电位和更好的电催化活性。在电流密度为30 mA·cm⁻²,初始pH为6.1,电解质为100 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄和10 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl的最优条件下,氯霉素的去除率为97.4%。并且该电极具有很好的抗干扰性和稳定性,在不同pH干扰下对氯霉素依然具有较高的降解率(均高于81.1%)。此外,Zr元素掺杂的Ti₄O₇改性电极对氟苯尼考和双氯芬酸钠等药物也具有很好的降解效果,降解率分别为93.4%和85.5%,本研究结果可为电化学去除污染物阳极改性研究提供参考。