油气田废水中石油类物质测定问题的探讨

本文针对油气田废水复杂多样的特点，对石油类物质测定方法的选择；标准油品的选定以及难萃取样品的处理方法等监测技术问题进行了探讨，旨在提高监测数据的准确性及可靠性。     

芦苇床处理油田污水的探讨

芦苇床处理油田污水，又名芦苇湿地污水处理工艺，工艺简单、可靠、投资低、效果好，国外早已成功地应用于生活污水的处理。辽河油田将此工艺初试于油田污水，前景喜人，有望达到生态上的良性循环。     

水射流技术在牙轮钻头中的应用与研究进展

介绍了喷射钻井井底流场特性、喷嘴射流破岩机理、脉冲射流喷嘴、新型水力流道钻头的研究与应用情况，以及水射流技术在石油钻井用钻头上的应用前景。     

目前新疆境内油田主要环境问题与对策

根据实际调查资料，分析了目前新疆境内油田的主要环境问题，并结合我区实际，提出了对策建议。     

长乐—南澳变质带显微构造和岩组特征及应力场分析

通过光学显微镜和高压电子显微镜对带内的变形石英进行显微构造超微构造观测和估算变形参数(σ_1-σ_3=85.0MPa,ε_s=10~(-9)～10~(-10)/S),认为该区变质岩形成于深层环境,是长期缓慢变形的结果。变形石英位错构造为变形阶段和恢复阶段的混合体,其变形机制为塑性形变。采用石英光轴干涉图法,在偏光显微镜下对水平定向薄片进行岩组测量,绘制成该区的石英光轴方位图,探讨其构造变形的演化历史。首次划分出S(或S+S)和B+S构造岩岩组类型及Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型石英定向类型。应力场随着构造变形的演化作逆时针旋转。山南北挤压应力场逐渐变为单向推挤的应力场,从而认为构造变形是多期次的叠加。     

采空区遗煤自燃过程及其规律的数值模拟研究

基于非均质多孔介质中的连续性方程、多相气体渗流———扩散方程和综合传热方程,建立了工作面动态推进下的采空区自燃数值模型。结合实例,从理论上描绘了工作面开采过程中采空区的漏风流态、氧、CO、瓦斯和温度等分布状态及其动态过程。计算中考虑了瓦斯涌出对自燃的耦合作用;工作面动态推进对自燃的影响,以及沿边界冒落非压实性对漏风供氧、自燃高温区产生的影响。从理论上重点讨论了采空区自燃与各因素的定量化关系,得出自然发火期与煤氧化速度、工作面风量二者均呈显著的反比例关系;对于综放工作面采场漏风供氧系统,自然发火期主要取决于煤的耗氧能力,提高工作面风量仅能扩大自燃高温区的范围,增大自燃的发生几率;提高推进度能显著延长采空区自然发火期,呈指数变化。     

油气田环境监测站能力验证工作

随着我国加入WTO,许多油气田实验室已先后通过了中国实验室国家认可委员会(CNAL)的验证。在该项活动中,能力检验是一项十分重要的内容。河南石油勘探局环境监测站参加了《CNAL2003年度能力验证计划》中溶液酸度检测项目活动,借鉴了国内外能力验证工作的经验,取得了较好的效果。文章论述了油气田环境监测站能力验证的基本概念,并对能力验证的定义、分类、组织和设计、运作及能力评价等问题进行了讨论,给出了与之相关的应用实例。     

Reduction of Pain in Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) Associated with Objective Biochemical Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes

Summary In an effort to explain the benefit of therapeutic use of electromagnetic fields (EMF) a systemic effect has been proposed by us. To assess the efficacy of this approach, an objective biochemical approach was developed. Ten patients with Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) were clinically evaluated, and lymphocytes were isolated from their blood samples obtained before and after exposure of the uninvolved limb to an EMF. Utilizing a SpectraCell method that includes radio labeled molecules and protein-free media for culturing the lymphocytes, an elevation of the content of fructose, serine, glycine, and calcium cellular metabolic uptake were found following in the culture to EMF in comparison with non-exposed lymphocytes (p < 0.01). In addition, the pain level was determined by a conventional visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after EMF exposure, evidencing a significant pain relief. Specifically, after exposure to 120 pps semi sinewave, 1500Gauss EMF, generated by a THERAMAG^∘ledR device, an improvement in the flexibility of the limb and a reduction in swelling of the affected extremity were detected clinically. These findings are in concert with the new hypothesis that, with relief of pain, lymphocytes are predominately altered in their cell cycle from M phase to S phases associated with increased structuring of intracellular water. A consideration of the basic understanding of the role lymphocytes may be inferred from this preliminary study. An extensive review of the literature on the basic science and therapeutic use of magnetic fields in humans is provided in an attempt to understand the relevance of magnetic therapy of specific pain syndromes.     

Shielding from ELF Magnetic Fields Emanating from Power Plants in Large Facilities

Summary Large facilities frequently have internal power plants. High power transformers and low voltage cables associated with these plants generate low-frequency magnetic fields of large amplitude, which can be above allowed exposure levels. In order to shield against these magnetic fields large shields are used. These plates are finite and their shielding effectiveness is compromised due to their finite dimensions. This paper evaluates the shielding afforded by such a plate, as related to the geometry of the placement of the source and victim and the dimensions and structure of the shield plate.     

地震现场应急救援的通信系统设计

当地震发生时,保证现场救援各部门、单位与救援指挥部的通信联络,对及时抢救人民生命财产,减少地震造成的损失有着至关重要的作用.本文根据现场地震应急救援工作分布特点、地震救援各部门的工作性质和对通信保障的需求,在分析各种无线通信装备性能的基础上,采用卫星、无线网桥、超短波多层混合组网的立体结构模型,设计了地震现场的通信保障方案.依据电磁传播理论,计算出无线通信设备现场架设的基本参数,并给出了设备选型的主要技术指标以供参考.