A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A²O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

再生粗骨料混凝土柱耐火性能试验与理论分析

为研究再生粗骨料混凝土柱的耐火性能,进行了1个足尺的再生粗骨料混凝土柱和足尺的1个普通混凝土柱在竖向恒定荷载和温度场耦合作用下的耐火性能试验研究,2个试件的混凝土设计强度均为C30,2个柱采用相同的轴压比施加竖向荷载。在试验研究基础上,比较分析了2个试件的耐火极限以及各个测点的温度变化、侧向挠度、轴向变形和破坏过程;用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件截面温度场进行了模拟分析,测点温度增量模拟结果与实测温度增量符合较好。研究表明:相同初始轴压比条件下,混凝土强度接近的再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱升温速度慢,具有相对较好的隔热性能;再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱的抗爆裂性能好,耐火极限长;因再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱的孔隙率相对较高,在高温作用下其内部蒸汽应力可得到一定释放,由此引起的柱子轴向压缩变形相应也较大;一定条件下的再生粗骨料混凝土柱可用于建筑工程。     

三面受火的方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限

编制了预测方钢管混凝土柱三面火灾作用下高温反应的数值分析程序,并将之用于不同荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、钢材和混凝土强度及含钢率共480种工况下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限参数分析,得到了三面火灾作用下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数及其影响规律。基于参数分析结果,定量给出了该受火条件下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的简化计算方法。研究结果表明:荷载比、截面边长、长细比是三面火灾作用下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数,表现为截面边长越大,荷载比和长细比越小,构件的耐火极限越大。由于存在极强偏心,当荷载作用点偏于背火面时荷载偏心率亦有较大影响。     

冬季混凝土桥梁施工监控中温度参数的识别

混凝土桥梁温度场设计参数是影响桥梁施工误差的主要因素之一,施工过程中对其进行有效的识别直接关系到混凝土桥梁的结构安全。目前我国尚缺少各季节、各地区的混凝土桥梁温度场监测资料。为了分析冬季施工过程中混凝土桥梁的温度场分布,对榆林地区某斜拉桥进行了箱梁室内外温度和温度效应监测,根据热传导理论,建立了数值模型,采用瞬态热分析方法,得出了该地区冬季理论温度场。通过与箱梁相应温度测量值的比较,基于MATLAB平台,对82组数据进行了指数拟合,得出了适用于榆林地区冬季混凝土桥梁的温度场分布图。     

高压静电场对火电厂循环冷却水阻垢效果及机理

利用双通道工业循环冷却水分析测试台和高压静电水处理器,对火电厂的冷却水进行阻垢效果和机理研究。结果表明,施加工作电压2．0～4．0kV时,平均阻垢率随电压的升高而增大,达到61．7％,以后随着电压的升高平均阻垢率呈下降趋势,在7．5kV电压作用下平均阻垢率43．4％。对垢样晶体的SEM扫描图片表明,经高压静电场处理前的水垢晶体以方解石型硬垢为主,处理后发生了晶型转化,转化为文石型软垢,有利于垢的去除。     

Model Development for Nutrient Loading Estimates from Paddy Rice Fields in Korea

Abstract

A field experiment was performed to evaluate water and nutrient balances in paddy rice culture operations during 2001–2002. The water balance analysis indicated that about half (50–60%) of the total outflow was lost by surface drainage, with the remainder occurring by evapotranspiration (490–530 mm). The surface drainage from paddy fields was mainly caused by rainfall and forced-drainage, and in particular, the runoff during early rice culture periods depends more on the forced-drainage due to fertilization practices. Most of the total phosphorus (T-P) inflow was supplied by fertilization at transplanting, while the total nitrogen (T-N) inflow was supplied by the three fertilizations, precipitation, and from the upper paddy field, which comprised 13–33% of the total inflow. Although most of the nutrient outflow was attributed to plant uptake, nutrient loss by surface drainage was substantial, comprising 20% for T-N and 10% for T-P. Water and nutrient balances indicate that reduction of surface drainage from paddy rice fields is imperative for nonpoint source pollution control. The simplified computer model, PADDIMOD, was developed to simulate water and nutrient (T-N and T-P) behavior in the paddy rice field. The model predicts daily ponded water depth, surface drainage, and nutrient concentrations. It was formulated with a few equations and simplified assumptions, but its application and a model fitness test indicated that the simulation results reasonably matched the observed data. It is a simple and convenient planning model that could be used to evaluate BMPs of paddy rice fields alone or in combination with other complex watershed models. Application of the PADDIMOD to other paddy rice fields with different agricultural environments might require further calibration and validation.     

ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场的协同阻垢作用

采用静态阻垢试验方法研究了磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物共同作用时的协同阻垢性能。结果表明,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙有协同阻垢作用,当磁化水流量为120L／h、磁场强度为0．7T、磁化时间为40min、ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为3mg／L时,ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场对CaCO3的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高了12％;在其他条件不变,而ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为14mg／L时,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对Ca3（PO4）2的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高42．4％。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x-射线衍射仪（XRD）对CaCO,垢样进行了观察,发现ESA／AMPS共聚物对垢样晶型产生扭曲作用,而磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物协同作用时的垢样晶型没有太大改变。     

Behavior of bensulfuron-methyl in an agricultural alkaline soil

A field experiment to determine the available bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in the upper soil layer was conducted in an agricultural area in the South of Spain. To facilitate herbicide analysis, two application rates were employed, 200 g ha^?1 and 5 kg ha^?1. Samples of upper soil and soil solution were collected. Soil solution was sampled by means of metallic samplers, placed at a depth of 35 cm. In the plots receiving the lower dose ceramic suction, porous cups were also installed. Results from soil solution samples showed that the maximum BSM concentration was found after 8-10 days for the high irrigation supply (945 mm) and after 18-25 days for the lower irrigation regime (405 mm). The mathematical model FOCUSPELMO 1.1.1 was applied to interpret the data obtained in the field experiments. In general, there was a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated data for soil samples, although the model did not acceptably predict herbicide concentrations in water soil samples. Ceramic cups sampled a higher soil water volume and more frequently than did the metallic samplers. However some variable results were attributed to preferential flow.     

Comparison of surface emissions and subsurface distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropne and chloropicrin in sandy field beds covered with four different plastic films

The purpose of this study was to conduct a field study at a Florida field site on surface emissions and subsurface distribution of cis-and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in raised beds injected with Telone C35 with four replications. A total of 16 beds were applied with Telone C35 by chisel injection and covered with four different plastic films, 4 beds for each film. Each bed was installed with five 20-cm long soil pore air probes and a surface air collection pan at arbitrarily locations along the length of each bed for sampling soil pore air and surface air, respectively, for analysis of the three biologically active compounds, cis- and trans-1,3-D and CP. We found that average concentrations of the three compounds at 20-cm depth among the beds covered with four different plastic films generally were not statistically different. Among the four beds covered with the same plastic film, average concentrations of the three compounds were statistically different only in the four metallic PE covered beds at 5 and 24 hours after injection. Volatilization rates of the three compounds among the beds covered with four different plastic films, with the exception of CP at 48 hours after injection, were not statistically different. It appeared that initial upward diffusion and volatilization flux were influenced by solar radiation. Initial subsurface concentrations of the three compounds and volatilization flux, especially cis-1,3-D, were greater in the beds on the east side of the field than that in the beds on the west side of the field. Whether or not difference in initial subsurface concentrations of the compounds between east side beds and west side beds may influence fumigant efficacy remains to be determined.     

响应面法优化克浅十油田废水的混凝沉淀工艺

以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3％～5％之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求.