磁强化Fenton处理苯酚废水的试验研究

试验对比了普通Fenton试剂和磁Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水的效果,并探讨了磁Fenton的作用机理.当磁场强度为592mT,pH=3,按m(COD):m(H2O2)=1:2,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=15:1投加一定量的FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2,反应时间60min,挥发酚和COD去除 率分别达到99...     

水质总磷的现场应急监测

对过硫酸钾氧化-钼锑抗分光光度法测定水中总磷的方法进行了改进。于Hach公司COD消解管中加入水样和氧化剂后,在消解管中加热消解水样,冷却后加入显色剂,再在与之配套的分光光度计上比色测定。方法简便,试剂用量较少,适用于水质总磷的现场应急监测。该法最低检出限为0．01mg／L,相对标准偏差≤3．47％,加标回收率为92％～105％,与标准法基本一致。     

各向异性介质圆柱的散射特性研究

利用电磁场的多尺度理论,将各向异性介质重构为各向同性介质,首次得到了各向异性介质圆柱体散射场和散射宽度的解析表达式,并对其有效性进行了理论验证;研究了介电常数张量等因素对散射宽度的影响;仿真结果表明,各向异性介质圆柱体的前向散射及其与入射波垂直的方向散射较强,极化方向上的介电常数对散射有着较大的影响,分析了其产生的物理...     

基于流体力学数值模拟的装甲车热环境分析

为更加准确地描述装甲车乘员室在不同条件下的热环境,采用两方程湍流模型,将装甲车置于数字风洞模型内,模拟求解不同条件下装甲车内的三维对流换热和空气流动状况,该方法可为装甲车乘员室热环境设计研究提供参考.     

雷电产生的海洋电磁场研究中Levinson-Durbin算法实现

雷电是海洋天然电磁场的主要场源之一,它会对水中兵器产生较大影响.由于雷电持续时间较短,利用传统的谱估计方法难以提取出信号的线谱频率.利用基于输出序列自相关阵的Levinson-Durbin递推算法,求解AR模型参数,进而计算出信号的功率谱.计算结果表明,Levinson-Durbin算法可以准确地估计出信号的线谱特征.     

静电旋风水膜除尘系统电晕极优化实验研究*

为了研究电晕极结构对静电旋风水膜除尘系统的影响,采用逐步优化法,对比十字形芒刺电晕极和笼式环形电晕极在不同横向极距、纵向极距、芒刺数下对电场特性的影响。研究结果表明:经优化后,加入芒刺的笼式环形电晕极放电能力优于未加入芒刺的笼式环形电晕极和十字形芒刺电晕极,并在与水膜共同作用时具有较高的除尘效率,其结构参数为:从上至下4层圆环半径依次为107,80,54,28 mm;相邻圆环纵向极距为150 mm,圆环与集尘极的横向极距为90 mm;半径最小圆环上芒刺数为8根,其直径为2 mm,长度为10 mm。优化后的电晕极结构与水膜作用有助于提升静电旋风水膜除尘系统的除尘效率。     

A novel colorimetric method for field arsenic speciation analysis

Accurate on-site determination of arsenic (As) concentration as well as its speciation presents a great environmental challenge especially to developing countries. To meet the need of routine field monitoring, we developed a rapid colorimetric method with a wide dynamic detection range and high precision. The novel application of KMnO₄ and CH₄N₂S as effective As(Ⅲ) oxidant and As(V) reductant, respectively, in the formation of molybdenum blue complexes enabled the differentiation of As(Ⅲ) and As(V). The detection limit of the method was 8 μg/L with a linear range (R² = 0.998) of four orders of magnitude in total As concentrations. The As speciation in groundwater samples determined with the colorimetric method in the field were consistent with the results using the high performance liquid chromatography atomic fluorescence spectrometry, as evidenced by a linear correlation in paired analysis with a slope of 0.9990-0.9997 (p < 0.0001, n = 28). The recovery of 96%-116% for total As, 85%-122% for As(Ⅲ), and 88%-127% for As(V) were achieved for groundwater samples with a total As concentration range 100-800 μg/L. The colorimetric result showed that 3.61 g/L As(Ⅲ) existed as the only As species in a real industrial wastewater, which was in good agreement with the HPLC-AFS result of 3.56 g/L As(Ⅲ). No interference with the color development was observed in the presence of sulfate, phosphate, silicate, humic acid, and heavy metals from complex water matrix. This accurate, sensitive, and easy-to-use method is especially suitable for field As determination.     

Influence of soil type and genotype on Cd bioavailability and uptake by rice and implications for food safety

Cadmium (Cd) entering the human body via the food chain is of increasing concern. This study investigates the effects of soil type and genotype on variations in the Cd concentrations of different organs of nine rice plants grown on two types of soils with two Cd levels. Cd concentrations in nine rice cultivars varied significantly with genotype and soil type (P < 0.01). The Cd concentration was higher in red paddy soil (RP) than in yellow clayey paddy soil (YP). The average Cd concentrations of different organs in three rice types were indica > hybrid > japonica for the Cd treatments and controls. The polished grain concentration in YP and RP soils had a range of 0.055-0.23 mg/kg and 0.13-0.36 mg/kg in the Cd treatment, respectively. Two rice cultivars in YP soil and five rice cultivars in RP soil exceeded the concentration limits in the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard (0.2 mg/kg). The Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves were all significantly and positively correlated to that in polished grain in a single test. The Cd concentrations in polished grain were positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the calculated transfer factors of stem to grain and leaf to grain Cd transfer. The results indicated that the variations of Cd concentration in grain were related to Cd uptake and the remobilization of Cd from stem and leaf to grain. Also, the cultivars with a strong tendency for Cd-accumulation should be avoided in paddy soil with low soil pH and low organic matter content to reduce the risks to human health from high Cd levels in rice.     

排水循环灌溉下稻田磷素时空分布特征

排水循环灌溉具有提高降水资源利用率和减少农田面源污染的潜力,为缓解我国南方地区降雨分布与水稻作物需水时间不匹配和农田磷流失污染的问题,开展了排水循环灌溉条件下稻田磷素时空分布规律研究.采用田间试验的方法,监测藕塘水和鱼塘水循环灌溉下水稻田面水和渗漏水中总磷、可溶性磷和可溶性反应磷的质量浓度,及土壤剖面总磷与Olsen-P含量的变化.结果表明,排水循环灌溉下水稻田面水和渗漏水中不同形态磷素质量浓度沿程降低,尤其渗漏水磷质量浓度的减少趋势更为显著,排水循环灌溉水源中磷质量浓度在一定范围内的变化不会增加田面水和渗漏水中的磷质量浓度.田面水和渗漏水中不同形态磷质量浓度在不同灌溉时期的变化较大,8月田面水和渗漏水的磷质量浓度明显低于其它时期.表土Olsen-P含量随距进水口的距离的增加而减少,并随排水循环灌溉水中磷质量浓度的增加而增加;土壤剖面TP含量受排水循环灌溉的影响不明显.在8月水稻需肥高峰期进行排水循环灌溉或延长灌溉水的流程,可明显改善排水循环灌溉下稻田的磷素去除效率.     

富水红砂岩地层隧道联络通道冻结温度场分布规律及其敏感性分析*

为了明确富水红砂岩地层中冻结温度场的影响因素,研究温度场的发展和分布规律,以兰州地铁2号线定西路站到五里铺站之间的隧道联络通道为研究背景,建立三维瞬态温度场有限元模型对冻结加固过程进行模拟,通过数值模拟和实测数据对比验证模型的准确性进而分析土体密度、导热系数、比热容的变化对温度场发展的影响。通过灰色关联分析法,得到各土体参数对温度场发展的影响程度。研究结果表明:冻结孔越密集,形成的冻结帷幕越厚,冻结壁温度越低;随着导热系数增大,形成的冻结壁温度降低,随着土体密度和比热容增大,形成的冻结壁温度升高;影响温度场温度的各参数灰色关联度排序为:比热容>密度>导热系数;当各参数分别增大30%时,温度场温度变化程度排序为:密度>导热系数>比热容。研究结果可为类似地质冻结工程的设计施工及土体改良提供参考依据。