用活性炭纤维吸附处理十三吗啉农药废水的研究

介绍用活性炭纤维处理十三吗啉农药废水的工艺过程。研究了活性碳纤维对该种有机废水的吸附规律及脱附再生方法，并探索了其使用寿命。实验表明，用活性炭纤维处理十三吗啉农药废水，ＣＯＤｃｒ由２４６２ｍｇ／Ｌ可降至１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，净化率达９４％。     

Spatial Relationships Between Water Quality and Pesticide Application Rates in Agricultural Watersheds

Pesticide applications to agricultural lands in California, USA, are reported to a central data base, while data on water and sediment quality are collected by a number of monitoring programs. Data from both sources are geo-referenced, allowing spatial analysis of relationships between pesticide application rates and the chemical and biological condition of water bodies. This study collected data from 12 watersheds, selected to represent a range of pesticide usage. Water quality parameters were measured during six surveys of stream sites receiving runoff from the selected watershed areas. This study had three objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of pesticide application data in selecting regional monitoring sites, to provide information for generating and testing hypotheses about pesticide fate and effects, and to determine whether in-stream nitrate concentration was a useful surrogate indicator for regional monitoring of toxic substances. Significant correlations were observed between pesticide application rates and in-stream pesticide concentrations (p < 0.05) and toxicity (p < 0.10). In-stream nitrate concentrations were not significantly correlated with either the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.30). Neither total watershed area nor the area in which pesticide usage was reported correlated significantly with the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.14). In-stream pesticide concentrations and effects were more closely related to the intensity of pesticide use than to the area under cultivation.     

气相色谱法用ECD测定有机磷农药

选用固定液选择得当的色谱柱，采用ECD检测器测定有机磷农药的寒冷含量，能得到理想的测定效果。     

施用农药化肥对滇池水体影响的调研报告

以滇池流域呈贡县花卉、蔬菜的种植为研究对象,进行了化肥农药施用造成的面源污染调查,分析了N、P对滇池水体的污染,初步提出了控制对策。     

Concentrations of organic wood preservatives in wood chips produced from wood wastes

We investigated the concentrations of wood preservatives in the wood chips produced in wood-waste processing facilities in 1988, 1998–1999, and 2001–2002. Among the wood preservatives used in the past in Japan, halophenols, including PCP, chlordane, and chlorpyrifos, had comparatively high detection rates and high average concentrations in the wood chips produced in 2001–2002. Aldrin and endrin were rarely detected, and DDT was already in low concentrations in those wood chips. Although several types of wood preservative were contained in the wood chips, their concentration levels depended on the sources of the wood wastes. In chips produced from wooden pallets, wooden forms for concrete working, or wood discarded from nondemolition sources, no organochlorine wood preservatives were detected, and chlorpyrifos and chlorophenols were detected at one order of magnitude lower than the average concentrations in chips produced from wood wastes discarded in house demolitions.     

固相萃取小柱净化-气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中α-六六六,β-六六六,γ-六六六,δ-六六六,硫丹,p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDT,三氯杀螨醇,甲氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,联苯菊酯,氟氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,溴氰菊酯等16种农药残留量的方法.16种农药的残留组分在25min内能很好分离.标准加入回收率在81.2%-111.9%之间;方法变异系数2.9%-14.9%(0.01-0.1μg·ml-1,n= 6),检出下限在0.08-0.44μg·kg-1之间.     

The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

光诱导下农药的化学转化及其环境意义

农药在光诱导下进行的化学转化是重要的非生物转化途径,其过程和产物对农药药效、代谢、毒性及环境影响重大.近年来,在国外已成为十分活跃的研究领域.本文着重论述农药环境光化学基本概念,主要光化学反应类型及光诱导下农药化学转化的环境意义。     

GC-ECD检测水中有机氯和有机磷农残研究

本文研究GC-ECD同吋检测水体中十二个有机氯农药和有机磷农药组分的最佳测试条件。在选定的测试条件下,方法检测下限达0.2ng/L(α-666)和0.8ng/L(甲基-1605),线性范围均达10~3数量级,水样加标回收率在82.5—100％之间。     

多种农药对胎儿发育的联合作用分析

分析了应城农村１２万确定人群中１９８８－１９８９年２年期间出现妊娠出现妊局的妇女的前瞻性流行病学调查资料。共调查了５６７４位妇女。按照期家中使用的药品种数目,将研究对象分为０、１、２、３、４、５、≥和总组,计算了各组发生各种不良妊娠结局的相对度,结果表明。所暴露的农药品种数愈多,发生自然流产和出生缺陷的危险度愈大。农药品种数与它们对胎儿发育的不良影响之间存在“剂量－效应关系”。由此得出结论;多种农