高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定有机磷农药残留

采用一种简便、快速的样品前处理方法提取烟草中22种有机磷农药残留,以甲醇/水为流动相,经高效液相色谱分离,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定量分析.22种农药在0.002 μg/mL~0.2 μg/mL内的线性关系良好(r>0.998),最小检出限为0.67 μg/kg~9.15 μg/kg,回收率为70%~102%,相对标准偏差不大于8.96%.     

SPE-HPLC检测谷类中多种残留农药的研究

文章建立了同时检测谷类作物中氯嘧磺隆、快杀稗、灭蝇胺、苯噻酰草胺、甲氰菊酯五种农药残留量的高效液相分析方法.样品经丙酮提取,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析,实验对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了优化研究,5种农药在0.02-1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9984-0.9997,该方法存0.02-0....     

基于生命周期评价EI99法的水泥窑共处置废弃农药分析

以废弃农药为研究对象,应用生命周期评价法从人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)3个角度对水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置的环境影响做出定性和定量评估.结果表明,废弃农药在水泥窑中共处置更具环境合理性.在水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置中,功能单位(1t)废弃农药总环境负荷(也称为环境影响潜值)分别为-27.5和0.379Pt,前者的环境负荷比后者减少了7360%,人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)等各指标分别减少372%、5840%、-40.0%.废弃农药水泥窑共处置在原/燃料的获取阶段可避免57.4%的环境负荷,是降低水泥窑共处置环境影响的关键环节.焚烧和电力生产阶段的污染排放对焚烧炉处置中各指标都有很高的贡献率.二英、苯、重金属是水泥窑共处置废弃农药的主要影响因子;NOx和粉尘对焚烧系统的影响较大.     

Experimental study on pressurized activated sludge process for high concentration pesticide wastewater

Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%–92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230–370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500–5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350–450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8–7.6 kg COD/(m3·day), compared with 2.0–2.8 kg COD/(m3·day) using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and KS 487 mg/L.     

农业污染对土壤的危害及防治措施

伴随着我国经济的高速增长,环境问题也日益突出,特别是环境污染和生态破坏日益严重。城市环境问题日益得到重视,而农村的环境保护与治理相对来说是一个薄弱环节,农村环境也正日趋恶化。农村环境污染的加剧和农业生态环境的破坏,已成为制约我国农村经济健康发展的因素之一,农业减排势在必行。结合农村实际情况,本文从环境保护的角度阐述了农业生产过程中几种典型（农药、化肥、农作物秸秆）的污染及其对农田土壤造成的危害,同时针对化肥污染和农业污染提出了防治措施。     

南充农村土壤中有机氯农药残留现状分析

本研究以四川省南充市某农村土壤为研究对象,于2010年和2011年连续两年对土壤中有机氯农药(HCH,DDT)残留情况进行了定点监测。研究结果表明,试区土壤HCHs在2011年基本未检出。两年的DDTs的检出率均为100%。OCPs主要残留物为p,p’-DDE,占残留总量75%以上。不同利用类型土壤中有机氯残留总量排序为:菜地>重点污染场地>基本农田>居民聚集区。所有土壤样品中的HCHs含量均达到国家《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)一级标准(<0.05mg/kg),DDTs含量均达到二级标准(<0.50mg/kg)。残留污染较轻。     

浅谈昌吉州农村环境质量现状分析及对策研究

通过对昌吉州农村水环境、空气质量及土壤调查现状的监测分析,获取农村环境现状情况,依据取得的数据综合评价农村环境的动态变化趋势。并在此基础上,进一步探讨农村环境存在的问题及提出可行的对策及建议。     

固相微萃取-便携式GC/MS快速测定水中痕量有机磷农药

采用固相微萃取-便携式气相色谱/质谱联用法（In situ SPME/GC-MS）分析地表水和废水中6种有机磷农药,通过优化测定条件,使6种有机磷农药在200 μg/L~500 μg/L范围内线性良好。方法检出限为033 μg/L～122 μg/L,低、高质量浓度标准溶液6次测定结果的RSD为68%~175%,加标回收率为849%~109%,与实验室方法的测定结果基本一致。     

Relation Between Flow and Temporal Variations of Nitrate and Pesticides in Two Karst Springs in Northern Alabama1

Abstract: Two karst springs in the Mississippian Carbonate Aquifer of northern Alabama were sampled between March 1999 and March 2001 to characterize the variability in concentration of nitrate, pesticides, selected pesticide degradates, water temperature, and inorganic constituents. Water temperature and inorganic ion data for McGeehee Spring indicate that this spring represents a shallow flow system with a relatively short average ground‐water residence time. Water issuing from the larger of the two springs, Meridianville Spring, maintained a constant temperature, and inorganic ion data indicate that this water represents a deeper flow system having a longer average ground‐water residence time than McGeehee Spring. Although water‐quality data indicate differing short‐term responses to rainfall at the two springs, the seasonal variation of nitrate and pesticide concentrations generally is similar for the two springs. With the exception of pesticides detected at low concentrations, the coefficient of variation for most constituent concentrations was less than that of flow at both springs, with greater variability in concentration at McGeehee Spring. Degradates of the herbicides atrazine and fluometuron were detected at concentrations comparable to or greater than the parent pesticides. Decreases in concentration of the principal degradate of fluometuron from about July to November indicate that the degradation rate may decrease as fluometuron (demethylfluometuron) moves deeper into the soil after application. Data collected during the study show that from about November to March when recharge rates increase, nitrate and residual pesticides in the soil, unsaturated zone, and storage within the aquifer are transported to the spring discharges. Because of the increase in recharge, fluometuron loads discharged from the springs during the winter were comparable to loads discharged at the springs during the growing season.     

Effect of fulvic acid on the photochemical degradation of methylparathion

Photochemical degradation of methylparathion (O,O,–dimethyl O-4 nitrophenylphosphorothioate) in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) between pH 2 and 7 was studied by differential pulse polarography (DPP). Fulvic acid and its photoproducts were not electro-active under the experimental conditions used in this study, and only the pesticide exhibited polarographic signals. Photolysis of methylparathion in acid media was sensitized by fulvic acid since the pesticide did not degrade in the absence of this compound. Methylparathion degradation was observed at each of the studied pHs. The reaction was first-order with rate constant values ranging from 3.3 × 10^?3 to 8.8 × 10^?3min^?1.