MR阻尼器的简化参数模型及其应用

MR阻尼器应用于控制风振、地震等引起的随机振动时需用参数化表达式来描述MR阻尼器简化的力学模型 ,从而更好地揭示MR阻尼器的减振机理。本文采用偏最小二乘法误差估计、Chebyshev多项式拟合建立了MR阻尼器简化模型的参数化表达式 ,并应用于斜拉索振动控制中 ,为合理选择MR阻尼器提供了便捷、可靠的手段     

Passive water sampling for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons using lipidcontaining semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs): Application to contaminant residence times

Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices are applied to the quantitative determination of the persistence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an irrigation water canal, a representative waterway. The uniform and reproducible sampling of the USGS design of lipid-containing SPMDs is exploited to measure PAH half-lives without requiring calculation of water concentrations. The trend in calculated PAH half-lives agrees with that expected if volatilization is a significant mechanism for loss from the canal with more volatile PAHs having shorter half-lives. The higher persistence of phenanthrene compared to anthracene is consistent with the greater stability of phenanthrene and suggests, with other physicochemical evidence, that other (reactive) mechanisms may be involved. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the SPMD method for the measurement of residence times in aquatic and other compartments. Such information is essential for quantifying contaminant behavior in the environment and providing insights into contaminant fate.     

被动式DTA监测器的研制

被动式联苯－联苯醚的监测器以酸及硝化混合液处理过的玻璃棉为吸收介质,被动式吸收气体ＤＴＡ;并通过乙醚－丙酮比色,测定监测器所采集到的ＤＴＱ量,根据累积浓度与对应的采样量,建立它们之间的关系。所研究的监测器能准确测定１．５－２１ｍｇ．ｈ／ｍ＾３的ＤＴＡ,重复性好,变异系数小于１２％;且操作简单,具有良好的采样效率,变异系数小于５．５％,平均采样速度为１４１．１７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。     

Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps

To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study, which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier.     

蜂窝夹层结构及其在直升机噪声控制上的应用

介绍了传统蜂窝夹层结构,它是由蜂窝芯材耦合面板/薄膜组合而成,具有优异的降噪特性。为进一步提升蜂窝夹层结构的降噪性能,结合多孔吸声原理及“吸/隔声结构功能一体化”概念,将多孔吸声材料填充至蜂窝芯中,形成了基于多孔吸声的蜂窝夹层结构,但中、低频降噪性能较差。结合微穿孔板、亥姆霍兹共振理论,开发了基于共振吸声的单自由度蜂窝夹层结构,由蜂窝芯材耦合穿孔面板/薄膜组合而成,提升了中、低频降噪特性,但是依旧存在降噪频带过窄的问题,只能在某段特定频率范围内表现出良好的降噪特性。为此,研发了基于共振吸声的多自由度蜂窝夹层结构,利用各层穿孔面板/薄膜和蜂窝结构特性,实现了不同频率噪声控制。最后总结了蜂窝夹层结构在国内外直升机被动噪声控制上的应用情况,展望了新型蜂窝夹层结构的发展趋势。     

Acoustically detected year-round presence of right whales in an urbanized migration corridor

Species' conservation relies on understanding their seasonal habitats and migration routes. North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, migrate from the southeastern U.S. coast to Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, a federally designated critical habitat, from February through May to feed. The whales then continue north across the Gulf of Maine to northern waters (e.g., Bay of Fundy). To enter Cape Cod Bay, right whales must traverse an area of dense shipping and fishing activity in Massachusetts Bay, where there are no mandatory regulations for the protection of right whales or management of their habitat. We used passive acoustic recordings of right whales collected in Massachusetts Bay from May 2007 through October 2010 to determine the annual spatial and temporal distribution of the whales and their calling activity. We detected right whales in the bay throughout the year, in contrast to results from visual surveys. Right whales were detected on at least 24% of days in each month, with the exception of June 2007, in which there were no detections. Averaged over all years, right whale calls were most abundant from February through May. During this period, calls were most frequent between 17:00 and 20:00 local time; no diel pattern was apparent in other months. The spatial distribution of the approximate locations of calling whales suggests they may use Massachusetts Bay as a conduit to Cape Cod Bay in the spring and as they move between the Gulf of Maine and waters to the south in September through December. Although it is unclear how dependent right whales are on the bay, the discovery of their widespread presence in Massachusetts Bay throughout the year suggests this region may need to be managed to reduce the probability of collisions with ships and entanglement in fishing gear.     

外部安防系统在海洋石油固定平台中的应用

为了弥补传统的海洋石油固定平台内部安防系统的不足,达到海洋石油固定平台全天候自动监测、自动报警、无人值守、主动防御、预防为主的目的,以便提早发现灾害或事故的苗头,提供及时报警,并采取适当的预防措施。根据主动防御、准确测报、防范未然和规避事故的原则方针,按区域警戒与要地防范相结合的方法,介绍了外部安防系统在海洋石油固定平台中的应用,包括六个子系统、工作流程、各个子系统在海洋石油固定平台中的应用以及特点和价值,从监控、应急、监管等多角度出发,实现了一体化的安全监控。     

室内不同燃烧模式香烟污染的研究

香烟燃烧的主动吸烟、呼出烟雾、自由燃烧3种排放方式中,对一氧化碳CO、总挥发性有机物TVOC进行测定分析。自由燃烧模式较主动吸烟模式造成的CO和TVOC污染更高。对于室内环境的污染和被动吸烟者的危害,自由燃烧模式与呼出烟气模式的贡献比例CO和TVOC分别约为15/1和4/1。主动吸烟者吸入的烟气中CO和TVOC浓度可分别高达约10000mg/m3和800mg/m3,高出国家室内空气环境标准限量约1000倍,吸入的烟气中约有40%的CO通过肺部被人体吸收。     

Passive and active adaptive management: approaches and an example

Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. Yet there remains considerable confusion about what adaptive management entails, and how to actually make resource decisions adaptively. A key but somewhat ambiguous distinction in adaptive management is between active and passive forms of adaptive decision making. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some approaches to active and passive adaptive management with a simple example involving the drawdown of water impoundments on a wildlife refuge. The approaches are illustrated for the drawdown example, and contrasted in terms of objectives, costs, and potential learning rates. Some key challenges to the actual practice of AM are discussed, and tradeoffs between implementation costs and long-term benefits are highlighted.     

被动式采样器在大区域大气VOC监测中的应用

应用VOC被动式采样器监测了地中海东部塞浦路斯岛大气中挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOC)的浓度。通过岛上设置的80个VOC采样点对苯,甲苯,对、邻、间二甲苯(Benzene、Toluene、o-xylene、m,p-xylene,BTX)数次采样及分析结果表明,其被动采样器中BTX回收率>95%,BTX平行实验的相对标准偏差<6.28%,采样和分析方法准确。得到的污染物分布图较准确地反映了塞浦路斯岛实际污染情况。