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131.
Ted S. Kornecki George J. Sabbagh Daniel E. Storm 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(4):807-820
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Spatially Integrated Models for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion (SIMPLE) in predicting runoff volume, sediment loss, and phosphorus loading from two watersheds. The modeling system was applied to the 334 ha QOD subwatershed, part of the Owl Run watershed, located in Fauquier County, Virginia, and to the 2240 ha watershed, Battle Branch, located in Delaware County, Oklahoma. Simulation runs were conducted at cell and field scales, and simulation results were compared with observed data. Runoff volume and dissolved phosphorus loading were measured at the Battle Branch watershed. Runoff volume, sediment yield, and total phosphorus loading were measured at the QOD site. SIMPLE tended to underestimate runoff volumes during the dormant period, from November to March. The comparison between observed and predicted dissolved phosphorus showed better correlation than for observed and predicted total phosphorus loading. Cell level simulations provided similar estimates of runoff volume and phosphorus loading when compared to field level simulations for both watersheds. However, observed sediment yields better compared with the values predicted from the cell level simulation when compared to field level simulation. Finally, results of model evaluation indicated that SIMPLE's predictive ability is acceptable for screening applications but not for site-specific quantitative predictions. 相似文献
132.
R. Daren Harmel C. T. Haan Russell C. Dutnell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):113-121
ABSTRACT: In this study three components of the Rosgen Level III Stream Reach Condition Assessment were tested for their ability to predict short-term erosion rates. Rosgen's bank erosion potential (BEP) ratings and near bank stress (NBS) estimates and the Pfankuch channel stability ratings were evaluated. Thirty-six banks with a range of BEP ratings and NBS estimates were selected on the 101 km Upper Illinois River in northeast Oklahoma. The Upper Illinois River is a meandering, gravel-dominated, riffle/pool channel. Cumulative erosion data measured with bank pins after four 2.0 to 2.5-year return period flows from September 1996 to July 1997 were used in the analyses. When integrated as indicated in Rosgen (1996), the BEP indices and NBS estimates were poor predictors of bank erosion. Individually, the grouped BEP ratings and Pfankuch ratings performed relatively well compared to grouped NBS estimates in predicting erosion; however, the variability of erosion was large within each rating group. Linear regression between erosion and BEP numerical indices and Pfankuch scores was significant (a = 0.05), but variability was high (illustrated by low r2 values). Regression between erosion and NBS estimates was not significant. 相似文献
133.
珠海市被地开垦侵蚀的面积为756.82hm2,主要分布于西区斗门县的乾务、五山、斗门等镇,以及平沙区、三灶区等地海拔10~50m、坡度大于10的丘陵台地;侵蚀强度以中度侵蚀为主.平均侵蚀模数2380t/(km2·a)。造成坡地开垦侵蚀的主要原因是开垦利用过程中水土保持措施没有跟上,选择的坡地坡度过大,本文针对珠海市坡地开垦侵蚀的特点,建议采用等高绿篱耕作、山边沟技术、复合农村技术等几项坡地水土保持措施。 相似文献
134.
从1998 年长江流域发生的特大洪水说起,分析从汉代到清末2000 年间及近40 年来长江流域水旱灾害的变化趋势,认为造成长江洪水灾害的原因主要是气候异常,但也与生态环境遭到破坏有关,其中土壤侵蚀、水土流失是最重要的因素。探讨了防治长江水患的对策;基于对土壤的吸水和贮水功能主要靠地被层和土壤有机质层,而水土流失是从植被破坏、地被层消失开始的,以及对古今治水、治土正反两个方面的认识,提出了治水的同时应治土的观点及5 条有效的途径。 相似文献
135.
长江上游水土流失成因及治理模式研究--以重庆市城口县为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水土保持工作是一项直接关系三峡工程和“南水北调”工程的重要工作,也是西部生态环境建设的重要内容之一。以“长治”工程重点县——城口县为例,研究其水土流失成因及治理模式。该县位于重庆市最北端,既是“长治”工程重点县,也是“南水北调”工程中线引水方案丹江口水库上游水土保持工作重点县。该县水土流失比较严重,流失面积高达1 728.67 km\+2,占全县土地总面积的52.61%。造成水土流失的主要原因既有自然因素,又有人为因素,但其资源相当丰富,为水土流失治理模式提供了较好的基础条件。在分析其水土流失成因基础上,结合该县的资源优势和实际情况,提出其水土流失治理的模式和途径,以期进一步推进该县生态环境建设、加强水土保持工作,为长江上游贫困山区县的水土保持工作探索比较合适的模式和途径。 相似文献
136.
黄土高原滑坡及其利用的探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
黄土高原滑坡是十分严重的自然灾害,往往能给人民生命财产造成极大损失,又是黄土高原严重水土流失的主要产沙方式。如何变害为利,利用滑坡天然聚湫以及利用滑坡机理,发展人工滑坡,促进水保、治理沟谷,发展农业生产是黄土高原研究的新课题。 相似文献
137.
138.
长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究南槽没冒沙演变规律,可以为筑库引淡蓄水工程建设提供科学依据。根据该海区近百年来各个时期的海图和20年来的实测水文泥沙等资料以及2003、2004年的现场观测数据,探讨了没冒沙的形成及形成后的演变过程。研究表明:没冒沙的形成和发育经历了局部边滩冲刷、边滩沙嘴发育和沙脊形成3个阶段;近半个世纪来,沙体中轴位置在稳定强劲的涨落潮流作用下呈现出西北—东南走向的良好的稳定性,具有潮流脊性质。而蓄淡水库工程建设将有可能使南槽成为适应进出水沙量的新型河槽。 相似文献
139.
140.
Social learning plays key roles in sustainable natural resource management; however, studies on its role show mixed results. Even though most current studies highlight positive outcomes, there are also negative effects of social learning with respect to natural resource management. This paper explores the influence of social learning outcomes on the adoption of soil conservation practices in Amba Zuria, Ethiopia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and in workshops. The interviews were transcribed and analysed with the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti. In addition, a review of pertinent documents and literature complements the analysis. We found that social learning results in positive outcomes in interactions among the actors, broader understanding on soil conservation, trust and mutual understanding, and the creation of opportunities to apply both indigenous and scientific knowledge. These outcomes, in turn, foster the adoption of stone terraces to conserve soils. No such positive results were found for farmers who were not involved in the learning process and who did not adopt stone terraces. The non-adoption can partly be explained by their exclusion from sharing the positive outcomes of social learning. The study also shows limitations related to the short duration of the learning platforms, insufficient representation of women and irregular patterns of learning schedules. Hence, Ethiopian soil conservation strategies should put emphasis on social learning in order to strengthen the collective processes of soil conservation measures. 相似文献