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为了评价新民柳河水源地的供水安全,简要介绍水环境健康风险评价基本方法的基础上,建立了水环境健康风险评价模式.研究结果表明:①柳河水源地地面水基因毒物质为优先控制污染物;而地下水应着力控制躯体毒物质.②对于基因毒物质,监测断面优先控制污染物为As和Cr;而对于躯体毒物质,所有监测断面的优先控制污染物均为氨.③在所有监测断面中,柳河上断面等6处有毒污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险数量级为10-5-10-4.在日后的管理过程中,应对这6处加大治理力度.④目前环境健康风险评价还没有包括在常规环境评价工作中,建议在今后的评价工作中应该逐步开展这方面的工作,以提高供水安全. 相似文献
305.
介绍了湖北省清江高坝洲津洋口防护区的概况,对津洋口防护区水环境污染现状进行了分析和调查研究,同时得出了防护区的主要污染为工业废水污染.计算了津洋口防护区丹水河的水环境容量,并据此提出水环境污染治理方案. 相似文献
306.
Modulation of steroidogenesis by coastal waters and sewage effluents of Hong Kong, China, using the H295R assay 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Gracia T Jones PD Higley EB Hilscherova K Newsted JL Murphy MB Chan AK Zhang X Hecker M Lam PK Wu RS Giesy JP 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):332-343
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: The presence of a variety of pollutants in the aquatic environment that can potentially interfere with the production of sex steroid hormones in wildlife and humans has been of increasing concern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extracts from Hong Kong marine waters, and influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants on steroidogenesis using the H295R cell bioassay. After exposing H295R cells to extracts of water, the expression of four steroidogenic genes and the production of three steroid hormones were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water samples were collected during the summer of 2005 from 24 coastal marine areas and from the influents and effluents of two major waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in Hong Kong, China. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE). H295R cells were exposed for 48 h to dilutions of these extracts. Modulations of the expression of the steroidogenic genes CYP19, CYP17, 3betaHSD2, and CYP11beta2 were determined by measuring mRNA concentrations by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). Production of the hormones progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: Extracts from samples collected in two fish culture areas inhibited growth and proliferation of H295R cells at concentrations greater or equal to 10(5) L equivalents. The cells were exposed to the equivalent concentration of active substances in 10,000 L of water. Thus, to observe the same level of effect as observed in vitro on aquatic organisms would require a bioaccumulation factor of this same magnitude. None of the other 22 marine samples affected growth of the cells at any dilution tested. Twelve of the marine water samples completely inhibited the expression of CYP19 without affecting E2 production; inhibition of CYP17 expression was observed only in one of the samples while expression of CYP11beta2 was induced as much as five- and ninefold after exposure of cells to extracts from two locations. The expression of the progesterone gene 3betaHSD2 was not affected by any of the samples; only one sample induced approximately fourfold the production of E2. Although more than twofold inductions were observed for P and T production, none of these values were statistically significant to conclude effects on the production of these two hormones. While influents from WWTPs did not affect gene expression, an approximately 30% inhibition in the production of E2 and a 40% increase in P occurred for the exposure with influents from the Sha Tin and Stonecutters WWTPs, respectively. Effluents from WWTPs did not affect the production of any of the studied hormones, but a decrement in the expression of the aldosterone gene CYP11beta2 was observed for the Sha Tin WWTP exposure. No direct correlation could be established between gene expression and hormone production. DISCUSSION: Observed cytotoxicity in the two samples from fish culture areas suggest the presence of toxic compounds; chemical analysis is required for their full identification. Although effluents from WWTPs did not affect hormone production, other types of endocrine activity such as receptor-mediated effects cannot be ruled out. Interactions due to the complexity of the samples and alternative steroidogenic pathways might explain the lack of correlation between gene expression and hormone production results. CONCLUSIONS: Changes observed in gene expression and hormone production suggest the presence in Hong Kong coastal waters of pollutants with endocrine disruption potential and others of significant toxic effects. The aromatase and aldosterone genes seem to be the most affected by the exposures, while E2 and P are the hormones with more significant changes observed. Results also suggest effectiveness in the removing of compounds with endocrine activity by the WWTPs studied, as effluent samples did not significantly affect hormone production. The H295R cell showed to be a valuable toll in the battery required for the analysis of endocrine disrupting activities of complex environmental samples. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Due to the intrinsic complexity of environmental samples, a combination of analytical tools is required to realistically assess environmental conditions, especially in aquatic systems. In the evaluation of endocrine disrupting activities, the H295R cell bioassay should be used in combination with other genomic, biological, chemical, and hydrological tests to establish viable modes for endocrine disruption and identify compounds responsible for the observed effects. 相似文献
307.
Zhang B Hong M Zhang B Zhang XL Zhao YS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):379-386
Endemic fluorosis was investigated and studied in the west region of the Songnen plain, Northeast China in 2001–2002. The
results showed that the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment was that the fluorine concentrations in the lake water
and unconfined ground water were higher than that in the river water and confined ground water. The lake water (Alkali lake)
is connected with unconfined ground water. In unconfined ground water, from the east and southeast areas to the west and the
northwest areas of the plain, fluorine concentration fluctuated with high and low alternatively. The fluorine in the water
comes from the weathering of rocks and minerals in the mountains and hills around the Songnen Plain. The main influence factors
of the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment are discussed. Unconfined ground water containing high fluorine is used
as drinking water. In this region, the fluorine concentration in drinking water is evidently correlated to the morbidity of
dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluorine concentration in drinking water has endangered human health. 相似文献
308.
中国煤电和核电的环境影响与健康风险比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将煤电与核电的环境影响和健康风险从全燃料链角度进行比较 ,结果表明 ,煤电燃料链的环境影响和健康风险比核电燃料链大。 相似文献
309.
王玮 《城市环境与城市生态》2000,13(3):54-55
环境保护包括污染防治和生态保护两大方面 ,目前 ,在污染源治理取得明显效果 ,生态环境遭受不同程度破坏的情况下 ,实施生态环境监理势在必行。大港区环保局就生态环境监理开展了探索性的工作。 相似文献
310.
成都市城市环境与经济协调发展分析 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
从城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面分析了成都市1990-1997年间协调度的变化趋势,评估了成都市城市环境与经济协调发展的类型,得出了成都市属于总体协调发展类环境滞后型的结论。 相似文献