Nodes of a peri-urban agricultural landscape at local level: an interpretation of their contribution to the eco-structure

The ecological value of some fine-scale landscape elements tends to be overlooked when they are found in highly human-influenced landscapes, such as peri-urban agricultural ones. These landscapes usually fall beyond the scope of the defined categories of landscape protection, and are thus mapped as areas of little or no ecological interest in the context of extensive analysis. In this paper, we present a method for assessing and visualizing the existing nodes in the field pattern of a peri-urban agricultural landscape. Nodes are identified from the field pattern and characterized according to the presence of relevant features and land uses from the viewpoint of their ecological functions. The method is applied in the Vega del Guadalfeo (south of Spain). Our results show an innovative map of the Vega which may be interpreted as its eco-structure; a model based on nodes to represent the ecological value of the peri-urban agricultural landscape.     

Community perspectives on managing health of peri-urban river system: evidence from the Hawkesbury-Nepean river catchment,Australia

In this study, we examine aspects of community values and perspectives on goods and services received from the river along with issues related to sustainable management of the river. The study reveals that the contemporary values placed on rivers by communities are mostly associated with recreational and leisure activities. The distance from the river and age of the participants appeared as the most influential social demographic factors affecting participants' perspectives on river health. The study indicates that people tend to develop a strong bond with the natural resources around them and the amount of time spent at a location is directly related to the strength of this relationship. To assess the general river condition and health, a number of visual indicators (e.g., floating debris) were suggested. If properly standardised and calibrated, such indicators have the potential to develop cost-effective monitoring tools for detecting seasonal and spatial changes in river health.     

Goodbye to natural resource-based livelihoods? Crossing the rural/urban divide

Life in proximity to a growing city can be especially difficult for those rural people who are poor. Findings from sustained research around three cities of the South illustrate how peri-urban conditions can create pressure for livelihood change. People were pressed further into a cash-based economy for which they were ill prepared. Surprisingly, agriculture remained important, even though urban expansion changed natural resource-based livelihoods, especially by taking land. The inevitable livelihood transitions were easier if there was support for both familiar and new natural resource-based activities, orienting production towards urban markets. Successful change was associated with greater diversification of income strands, rapid cash returns and bridging opportunities. Participatory planning of livelihood changes and local NGO inputs were advantageous. These findings are important for pro-poor development policy affecting peri-urban populations and may inform rural to urban migration policy.     

农产品视角的城郊黑土地农田重金属风险分区

农产品是重金属经土壤-作物系统危害人体健康的直接途径,其质量安全是我国粮食安全体系的重要组成部分.针对目前农田重金属分区研究对农产品考虑的不足,以农产品重金属累积特征及其导致的人体健康风险为指标,构建了基于农产品视角的农田重金属风险分区体系,同时以黑土地中重金属污染风险更高的城郊地带为研究区进行实例探讨.结果表明,农产...     

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

城郊流域源汇景观格局与水体抗生素的关系

阐明城郊地区土地利用格局对水体抗生素的影响,对于维护水质安全和城乡居民健康具有重要意义.本研究以长三角典型城郊宁波樟溪流域为例,基于不同子流域定位监测,研究了城郊流域水体抗生素的组成和分布特征,基于源汇景观模型探讨了流域源汇景观格局特征对水体抗生素的影响.结果表明,不同子流域水体抗生素含量和种类存在较大差异,抗生素的浓度变化范围为1.12～53.74 ng·L~(-1).景观分析表明研究区从上游到下游"源"景观的面积逐渐增大,而"汇"景观的面积逐渐减小.不同子流域水体抗生素的非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)发现具有相似源汇景观格局的子流域水体抗生素组成和含量具有一定的相似性.土地利用的组成及其在海拔、坡度和距离上的分布都对水体抗生素浓度有不同程度的影响.相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)表明,源汇景观负荷比指数(LWLI)与水体抗生素浓度呈正相关关系,子流域LWLI越大其水体抗生素浓度越高.通过流域景观格局优化,使"源""汇"景观在空间上合理分布,可以减少水体抗生素污染.     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

Gaming across scale in peri-urban water management: contribution from two experiences in Bolivia and Brazil

Natural resource governance is by nature multi-level, mobilizing various multi-stakeholder arenas in which a social learning approach may play a role. An approach using simulation tools such as role-playing games was tested in metropolitan areas of two South American cities: (1) in the periphery of Cochabamba, to facilitate conflict resolution stemming from the impact of urbanization on the irrigation infrastructure, and (2) in peri-urban areas of São Paulo, to assist in negotiations on land and water management in a protected catchment. Both interventions were designed to broaden the stakeholders' perspectives and facilitate the exchange of the views of different actors on water and land management using role-playing games. This paper discusses how the scale strategy embedded in the tools and in the mode of participation in fact constrained the possibility of bridging the gap between organisational levels in both situations. This calls for both the crafting of multi-level approaches able to take different levels into account, and finding adequate bridging mechanisms to enhance the integration of learning within organisations and communities.     

城市边缘带土地利用特征与土壤资源压力

城市边缘带作为城乡交互作用界面,根据其形成机制可划分为不同类型,而土地利用/覆被空间结构的高度复杂性、土地利用形式在时间序列上的强烈可变性是所有边缘带类型的重要共有特征。在快速城市化背景下,城市边缘带土壤资源压力日趋严峻,一方面,土地利用的非农流转导致土壤资源特别是耕地资源面积快速萎缩,直接威胁农业生产和区域粮食安全;另一方面,“三废”物质向城市边缘带的扩散和集聚导致土壤环境容量明显下降,土壤质量严重退化,不仅影响农产品品质,而且对区域生态环境支撑能力产生严重影响。因此,开展城市边缘带土地利用变化及其土壤资源与环境的影响研究刻不容缓。     

滨海半城市化地区植被覆盖度的时空变化——以青岛市崂山区为例

基于青岛市崂山区1990、1997、2002、2008年四期TM遥感影像数据,利用遥感二分像元估算模型和归一化植被指数,定量研究了半城市化地区的植被覆盖度演化过程及其时空动态变化特征,结果表明:研究区植被覆盖度演变具有快速性、差异性和不稳定性特征;1990-1997年,植被平均覆盖度由48.71%下降到24.74%,是植被覆盖度下降最快时期;2002-2008年间,植被平均覆盖度由23.58%增加到44.49%,属于植被覆盖恢复时期。整体空间变化呈现分散和无序特征,地形因子显著影响植被覆盖度的分布及变化。从气候因素和人为活动影响两个方面分析了造成崂山地区植被覆盖度下降的原因,对降雨量与各地区植被覆盖度进行了相关性分析,划分出气候影响显著区域。最后通过主成份分析定量研究气候、人为因素对当地植被覆盖度的影响程度,结果发现城市化作用是造成植被覆盖度变化的主要因素。