Investigation to meet China II emission legislation for marine diesel engine with diesel methanol compound combustion technology

In order to reduce the pollutant emission and alleviate the pressure of petroleum resources shortage and greenhouse gas emission at the same time, the use of clean and renewable alternative fuel for marine engines is a promising option. In this study, a marine diesel engine, which was modified to run in diesel methanol compound combustion (DMCC) mode, was investigated. After the diesel injection parameters were calibrated, and combined with a sample after-treatment device DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst), the engine could meet the requirements of China II legislation. The overall MSP (methanol substitute percent) reached 54.1%. The value of each pollutant emission was much lower than that in China II emission legislation, and there was almost no methanol and formaldehyde emissions. When methanol was injected into the inlet manifold, the intake air temperature decreased a lot, as well as the exhaust gas temperature, which were beneficial to increase engine thermal efficiency and improve engine room environment. Compared with the engine running in pure diesel mode, when the engine ran in diesel/methanol dual fuel mode, the combustion phase was advanced, and the combustion duration became shorter. Therefore, the engine thermal efficiency increased, and fuel consumption decreased significantly.     

CeO2形貌结构对催化湿式空气氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用水热法、沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备了3种不同形貌的CeO₂催化材料,并将其用于湿式空气氧化苯酚水溶液过程中,探讨了CeO₂形貌结构对催化湿式氧化苯酚水溶液性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温还原（TPR）等手段对CeO₂催化材料进行了表征.结果表明,水热法制备的CeO₂催化材料表现出较好催化性能,主要原因是水热法合成的CeO₂呈现交错的纳米棒状结构,主要暴露（220）晶面,且沿着（220）晶向生长.在反应温度为200℃、空气压力为2MPa、苯酚初始浓度500mg/L的条件下,最终（240min）COD的去除率为95.5%.     

石英灯辐射加热条件下低密度碳/酚醛复合材料高温响应及分析

目的研究低密度碳/酚醛复合材料在不同地面加热实验测试响应的差异性,指导材料在实际应用环境下的高温响应分析。方法对低密度碳/酚醛复合材料开展了热流为400 kW/m~2的单侧石英灯辐射加热实验,利用热电偶测温系统测量试件在加热过程中不同位置的温度时间历程,并对试件的烧蚀形貌和微观结构进行观测。同时与热流为464k W/m~2的氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热实验结果进行对比分析,并且采用有限元方法对材料的传热传质多场耦合计算进行分析。结果对于石英灯辐射加热,在测量点升温到接近200℃时,温度响应拐点都依次出现。由于加热的辐射热源不同,在不同的辐射波段下,多孔材料吸收和发射的热量不同,短时间内氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热使材料内部升温速率比石英灯辐射加热实验的要快,但长时间加热时现象刚好相反。结论进行传热传质多场耦合计算材料高温响应时,合理确定材料宏观性能随温度的变化至关重要。     

A study on the interactions among several plant secondary compounds and aphids

The research, focused on the specific interactions among seven plant secondary compounds and aphids, was carried out and the preliminary results showed: (1) "T-typed tube method" was regarded as the best method compared with others designed to observe the interactions. (2) Cabbage aphid was able to be attracted by laurolene while it was not susceptible to α-pinene, β-pinene and diamylene. (3) Gossypol, a major secondary substance in cotton, was able to be implicated as feeding attractant to cotton aphid. (4) Rutin might be implicated repellent to cotton aphid.     

矿区复合生态系统中土壤演替和植被演替的相互影响

在讨论矿区复合生态系统涵义的基础上，以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例，探讨了大型露天矿区复合生态系统演替与原生态系统演替的不同，即露天矿区复合生态系统演替极大地受着社会--经济--自然三方面的控制，在演替过程中土壤演替与植被演替相互影响、相互协调，共同作用了矿区复合生态系统。同时，还阐述了进行矿区生态重建的两大关键措施：生态环境建设和群落建设。     

建立土壤硫释放过程的人工神经网络模型

以温度、土壤含水率、胱氨酸添加量和土壤pH值作为土壤释放挥发性含硫化合物的主要影响因素,采用正交实验方法分析这些因素与土壤硫释速率的关系,利用BP神经网络算法对实验结果建模,并用模型对不同影响因素下的土壤硫释放情况进行预测。结果表明,网络模型对学习过的样本有较高预测精度,预测结果相对误差在2％以下,对未学生过的样本,误差为10％左右,表明人工神经网络方法建立的模型适用于土壤硫释放预测。     

城市固体废物填埋场防护层天然材料研究

提出用石灰和粉煤灰对常用的粘土 +蒙脱土的衬里进行改性。对石灰配比为 0 %、0 4 %、1%、2 %、6 %、10 %的6种复合衬里、“三明治”结构的复合衬里 ,以及粉煤灰比例为 15 % ,2 5 % ,35 % ,5 0 %的 4种复合衬里 ,从渗透系数、衰减能力的角度进行了系列测试 ,得出了石灰配比为 10 %的复合土Ⅰ衬里和“三明治”结构复合土衬里性能良好、成本低、值得推广     

免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的研究

本文讨论了免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的生产原理，制造技术。试验结果表明利用化学复合外加剂能够成功地生产出免烧免蒸粉煤从砖，且产品质量达到红砖１００号的标准。文中还分析了生产粉煤灰砖的经济效益和社会效益。     

铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水-岩反应数值模拟

铜山口铜(钼)矿床位于湖北省大冶市境内,是一典型的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿阶段成矿流体的成分及温压条件,并结合矿床学研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即矽卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对本矿床成矿流体与围岩反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算,其结果与实际地质情况吻合较好。     

无机高分子絮凝剂的开发与应用进展

主要介绍了各种离子型和复合型无机高分子絮凝剂的种类、原料来源、合成工艺应用情况及其絮凝机理，对无机高分子絮凝剂的发展提出了几点建议。