电镀污泥水热合成复合铁氧体与回收铜试验研究

以电镀污泥为原料,在温度为200℃、晶化时间为4h的条件下研究水热法合成复合铁氧体.结果表明,通过投加氯化高铁和沉淀剂可将电镀污泥中的Zn、Fe、Cr和Ni固化、稳定在铁氧体晶格之中;X射线衍射分析表明,此复合铁氧体主要为Ni/Zn铁氧体.通过选择NH4HCO3作为沉淀剂,可将电镀污泥中的氢氧化铜络合生成[Cu(NH3)4]2 ,铜萃取率可达80%以上;并可通过调节含铜分离液的pH值在5.4～6.4,生成碱式氯化铜转入固相,铜回收率在98%以上.复合铁氧体的磁性较强,分散性好,粒度分布均匀,且重金属浸出毒性低于美国TCLP(Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure)的毒性鉴别标准值.因此,水热法合成复合铁氧体是实现电镀污泥资源化与自净化的有效途径.     

高效液相色谱法在酚类竞争吸附中的应用

本研究采用反相HPLC-紫外检测测定酚类化合物,研究了流动相组成、配比、pH值等因素对酚类分离的影响,建立了测定7种酚类化合物的最佳色谱条件。流动相为50%甲醇-0.03 mol/L HAC-NaAC缓冲溶液,pH4.5,流速1 mL/min,检测波长UV 275 nm。并用于酚类在改性壳聚糖上的竞争吸附测定,具有简便、快速、准确等优点。     

重金属离子对斜生栅列藻毒性的研究

应用斜生栅列藻作为生物指示物,对16种重金属化合物的单一毒性进行毒性评价,并分别从微观和宏观角度分析了重金属的致毒机理。实验结果表明:它们的毒性大小顺序为Ag+Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+Sr2+Pb2+Hg2+Sn4+Al3+Cr+Ni2+Mn2+Ba2+Fe3+Co2+Li+。     

Phenolic content,antioxidant and antibacterial activity of selected natural sweeteners available on the Polish market

Seventeen natural sweeteners available on the Polish market were screened for total phenolic content, by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and for antioxidant activity, using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay (ABTS^·+). In addition, we analyzed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus strains: both those susceptible and those resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The results of the study showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity differ widely among different samples of sweeteners. Phenolic content, expressed as a gallic acid equivalent, ranged from 0 mg kg^?1 in white, refined sugar, xylitol and wheat malt syrup to 11.4 g kg^?1 in sugarcane molasses. Antioxidant activity was lowest in refined white sugar, xylitol, brown beet sugar, liquid fructose, and rape honey; it was average in spelt syrup and corn syrup, and highest in sugar cane, beet molasses, date and barley syrups. Despite the great variety of sweeteners, a strong correlation was noted between the concentration of phenolics and antioxidant properties, as determined by the ABTS^·+ method (r = 0.97) and the FRAP assay (r = 0.77). The strongest antibacterial activity was observed in sugarcane molasses, which was lethal to S. aureus strains at 2 and 4% concentrations in medium for susceptible and MRSA strains respectively. Other sweeteners kill bacteria in 6–15% solutions, whereas some did not show any antibacterial activities against S. aureus strains, even at 20% concentrations. Due to their high antioxidant and antibacterial activities, some of the tested sweeteners have potential therapeutic value as supporting agents in antibiotic therapy.     

NiOγ／-Al2O3反应吸附苯并噻吩

以等体积浸渍法制备了负载型NiOγ／-Al2O3吸附剂,在固定床反应装置上对含苯并噻吩的模型化合物进行反应吸附脱硫实验,考察了NiO负载量、模型化合物硫含量及活性组分的形态对吸附剂脱硫性能的影响,并用XRD、SEM—EDS分析、XPS分析对载体和吸附剂进行了表征。实验结果表明：NiOγ／-Al2O3吸附剂具有较高的穿透硫容,能有效脱除模型化合物中的苯并噻吩;反应过程中生成了NiS;C的沉积以及Ni的硫化物的生成导致了吸附剂的失活。     

低动力复合净水系统净化生态农庄景观池水质

采用生物填料、阿科蔓生态基和生态浮盆等材料构建低动力复合净水系统(LCWPS)进行生态农庄人工景观池水质净化技术示范研究。系统稳定运行后的周年监测结果表明,整体系统使人工景观池的CODMn、TN、NH4+-N、TP和浊度分别下降61.1%～62.8%、36.0%～39.9%、14.3%～35.7%、66.7%～79.5%和76.8%～79.8%,水质溶解氧浓度(DO)上升72.7%～126.0%,景观池水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中景观水域需要的V类水质标准,并能长期保持稳定。从管理维护成本角度考虑,利用LCWPS净化生态农庄人工景观池水质能达到节能节水的目的。     

废弃线路板热解油合成改性酚醛树脂

以废弃线路板热解油为原料,采用碱溶—中和—萃取工艺提取其中以苯酚为主的粗酚,并合成改性酚醛树脂。合成硼酸改性酚醛树脂的优化工艺条件为n(粗酚)∶n(外加苯酚)=2∶3,n(粗酚+外加苯酚)∶n(甲醛)∶n(NaOH)∶n(硼酸)=1∶1.5∶0.15∶0.17;合成有机硅改性酚醛树脂的优化工艺条件为n(粗酚)∶n(外加苯酚)=2∶3,n(粗酚+外加苯酚)∶n(甲醛)∶n(NaOH)∶n(正硅酸乙酯)=1∶1.3∶0.1∶0.1。所合成的硼酸改性和有机硅改性酚醛树脂的主要性能指标均满足YB/T4131—2005《耐火材料用酚醛树脂》中牌号为PFn-5301的热固性液体树脂性能的要求。     

The effect of artificial smoke compound on physiological responses,cognitive functions and work performance during firefighting activities in a smoke-diving room: an intervention study

This study investigated the combined effect of firefighting operations and exposure to smoke on physiological responses, cognitive functions and physical performance among firefighters. Each firefighter was engaged in two experimental conditions: (a) without artificial smoke, control (NS); (b) with artificial smoke (WS). The results of data analysis revealed that heart rate and body temperature increased significantly after the firefighting activities in the two conditions relative to baseline. In addition, reaction time (RT) and correct response (CR) decreased after the activity relative to baseline and there was a significant difference in RT and CR between the NS and WS conditions. There was also a significant difference in performance time between the NS and WS conditions. These findings demonstrated that a smoke compound has an insignificant effect on physiological responses during firefighting activity. On the contrary, the smoke compound has a detrimental influence on cognitive and physical performance.     

含氯苯酚类化合物结构表征与毒性预测

将有机化合物中的不同非氢原子及非氢原子之间的关系参数化得到新的结构描述符,运用该描述符对部分含氯苯酚类化合物分子结构进行了参数化表征。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法构建了化合物结构与毒性(-lgIC₅₀)之间的关系模型,模型的建模相关系数(R²)为0.948,“留一法”交互检验的相关系数(Q²)为0.922,标准偏差(SD)为0.184。结果表明结构描述符能较好地表征化合物分子结构特征,所建模型稳定性好、预测能力强,对于酚类化合物QSAR研究具有一定的参考价值。     

酚类化合物结构与醇/水分配系数(logK_(ow))关系研究

将不同非氢原子自身及非氢原子之间的关系参数化并构建出新的结构描述符,对部分酚类化合物分子结构进行了参数化表达。采用逐步回归(SMR)与多元线性回归(MLR)相结合的方法建立了化合物结构与醇/水分配系数(log Kow)之间的关系模型,模型的建模相关系数(r)为0.988,标准偏差(SD)为0.121;"留一法"交互检验的相关系数(Q2)为0.966,标准偏差(SDCV)为0.148。结果表明结构描述符能较好地表征化合物分子结构特征,所建模型稳定性好,预测能力强,对于酚类化合物QSPR研究具有一定的参考价值。