手机回收制度：评审与建议

由于报废含有大量有价值的材料和有害物质,所以引发了人们对改进手机回收和回用的兴趣。近年来已经建立了大量的回收制度。本文的目的是就这些回收制度进行动机、组织、运作、资金提供和收集绩效进行评估和比较。我们对四种制度进行了分析,它们是：电子电气设备废弃物的定期收集制度、部门的制度、商业计划以及慈善翻修方案。比较了这些方案的收集率,结果表明对用户而言便捷和广泛的信息是成功的最关键因素。最后,特别关注了计划对回收、回用和相关环境影响的定位。     

Cell phone users, reported crash risk, unsafe driving behaviors and dispositions: a survey of motorists in Maryland

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this investigation was to identify risky driving behaviors and dispositions that distinguish drivers who use a cell phone while operating a motor vehicle from non-cell phone using drivers. METHOD: Annual telephone surveys were used to identify drivers who reported using a cell phone while driving in the last month (n=1803) and were compared to those who said they did not use cell phones while driving (n=1578). RESULTS: Cell phone using drivers were more likely to report driving while drowsy, going 20 mph over the speed limit, driving aggressively, running a stop sign or red light, and driving after having had several drinks. They were also more likely to have had a prior history of citation and crash involvement than non-cell phone using drivers. Cell phone using drivers also reported they were less careful and more in a hurry when they drive than non-cell phone using drivers. CONCLUSION: Cell phone using drivers report engaging in many behaviors that place them at risk for a traffic crash, independent of the specific driving impairments that cell phone usage may produce. Strategies that combine coordinated and sustained enforcement activities along with widespread public awareness campaigns hold promise as effective countermeasures for these drivers, who resemble aggressive drivers in many respects.     

中国废旧手机产生量时空分布研究

手机是人们生活中最为常见的电器电子产品,中国则是全球最大的手机生产地和消费国,相应的每年产生大量的废旧手机.废旧手机是一类典型的废弃电器电子产品,因其具有资源与污染的双重属性而受到了国际社会的广泛关注,如何构建高效的管理体系实现废旧手机的可持续管理是全球各界近年来面临的共同课题.产生量是废弃电器电子产品管理的重要基础信息.目前国内外有关废弃电器电子产品产生量的数据主要通过估算获得,估算结果的准确性尚有提升空间.本文基于权威数据,采用市场供给A模型、消费与使用模型、注册更新模型等3种不同的方法对中国的废旧手机产生量进行了估算.其中,基于注册更新模型的结果显示,1998年与2013年中国废旧手机产生量分别为28.00万部与7.99亿部.在此基础上针对中国废旧手机产生量空间区域分布的研究显示,经济发达的东部区域产生了接近半数的废旧手机.由于考虑"水货"和"山寨"手机对销售量进行了校正,本文的结果明显高于已有研究,更加符合实际,可以为中国的废旧手机管理工作提供科学依据.     

大学生人群手机电磁辐射监测与分析

为研究大学生的手机电磁辐射暴露程度,针对手机的3种使用状态(通话、发短信、上网),用TES-593电磁波污染强度计系统地监测了36部手机,监测点代表耳朵、眼睛和手所在处.结果表明,所有监测值均符合国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)的参考水平.3种使用状态下的手机电磁辐射辐射强度大小依次为通话、发短信、上网;在室内通话、发短信和上网状态下,2G手机近背面的平均电场强度依次为15.27 V/m、11.43 V/m和9.57 V/m;手机在室内通话状态下的电场强度大于室外通话状态下的电场强度,2G手机在这两种状态下,听筒处的平均电场强度分别为16.00 V/m、9.46 V/m.多数手机室内通话电场强度容易超过GB 8702-88《电磁辐射防护规定》的参考值.手机发短信、上网时的辐射强度随距离增大而减小,一般情况下不会超过《电磁辐射防护规定》的参考值.     

The Distracting Effects of a Ringing Cell Phone: An Investigation of the Laboratory and the Classroom Setting

The detrimental effects of a ringing phone on cognitive performance were investigated in four experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, the effects of different types of sounds (a standard cell phone ring, irrelevant tones and an instrumental song commonly encountered by participants) on performance were examined. In Experiment 1, slower responses were observed in all auditory groups relative to a silence condition, but participants in the ring and song conditions recovered more slowly. In Experiment 2, participants who were warned about the potential for distraction recovered more quickly, suggesting a benefit of this prior knowledge. This investigation continued in a college classroom setting (Experiments 3a and 3b); students were exposed to a ringing cell phone during the lecture. Performance on a surprise quiz revealed low accuracy rates on material presented while the phone was ringing. These findings offer insight into top-down cognitive processes that moderate involuntary orienting responses associated with a common stimulus encountered in the environment.     

国标与FCC美标手机比吸收率研究

针对国标与FCC美标在标准限值和测试部位的差异,通过实际测试采集数据对标准之间差异部分进行比对研究。     

手机电磁辐射安全评价

综述了手机辐射的原理、辐射危害、辐射场计算和辐射评价技术标准及其检测仪器,并提出了一些减小手机辐射的措施和建议.     

Influence of the Interaction of a 900 MHz Signal with Gender on EEG Energy: Experimental Study on the Influence of 900 MHz Radiation on EEG

Summary The effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by cellular phones on human electroencephalogram (EEG) were studied during an auditory memory task. The experimental method and the experimental setup are introduced as a credible measurement method of EEG. 19 normal subjects (10 women and 9 men) performed the memory task both with and without exposure to a 900 MHz signal, emitted by a dipole antenna placed near the subjects' head. The energy of the EEG signals was calculated at the time domain. A Fourier transform of the EEG signals was done and the EEG energy was also calculated at the frequency domain. As the Parseval's theorem anticipates the energies were identical. The EEG energy was found concentrated at the four basic bands (α (8–13 Hz), β(14–30 Hz), δ (0–4 Hz) and θ(5–7 Hz)). The primary concern of the present study was the gender related influence of EMF on the spectral energy of EEG. The results show evidence of a strong gender—radiation interaction effect on the EEG energy and on the peak amplitudes within each of the four rhythms. Without radiation the spectral power of males is greater than of females, while under exposure the situation is reversed. Under the influence of EMF the spectral power of the males EEG is decreased while that of the females is increased. In conclusion both the baseline EEG and the changes effected to the EEG power spectrum under the influence of EMF seem to be gender dependent.