Spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in Batticaloa Lagoon

The necessity to understand the relationship between cyanobacterial species abundance and water quality variations in coastal lagoons is crucial to develop strategies to prevent further cyanobacterial proliferation. This paper evaluates the relationship between water quality variations on the distribution of cyanobacteria during a 12-month period in Batticaloa Lagoon (Sri Lanka) using Redundancy analysis and Pearson correlations. Drastic variations in pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total phosphorus (TP) levels were reported, but not turbidity and NO₃⁻. This brackish waterbody is hypereutrophic (TP levels > 0.1 mg/L). The cyanobacterial community contained 13 genera and 22 species. NO₃⁻, TP and turbidity levels positively influenced cyanobacterial abundance during all seasons indicating that nutrient (largely phosphorus) and sediment entry control is highly crucial along with periodic monitoring of cyanobacterial growth.     

漂浮植物塘协同处理农村分散生活污水研究

通过实验考察了漂浮植物塘对经模拟化粪池简易处理的农村分散生活污水的深度净化效果,结果表明：水葫芦、大薸、聚草塘对上述污水均具有良好的净化效果,水葫芦塘对TP的去除效果最好,大薸塘对TN和NH⁺₄-N的去除效果最好。当水力停留时间为20 d时,3种漂浮植物塘的出水污染物含量可低于GB/T 18921-2002观赏性景观环境用水河道类标准。在南方农村宅沟园河内种植漂浮植物是构建农村实用生活污水收集处理系统、控制农村生活污水对河道污染的一种有效措施。     

辽宁大伙房水库水体中氮、磷污染的变化趋势及其防治对策

讨论了大伙房水库水体中的氮、磷污染状况及来源 ,提出了防治氮、磷污染的方案     

利用磷渣熔制饰面玻璃

介绍了用磷渣熔饰面玻璃的试验过程。对试验中出现的工艺问题进行了探讨,并讨论经济效益进行了初步分析。     

澄江尖山河小流域不同土地利用类型地表径流氮、磷的流失特征

根据径流小区观测, 对澄江尖山河小流域不同土地利用类型地表径流中氮、磷的流失特征进行了研究. 结果表明:灌草丛和次生林都有较好的调节径流和减少土壤流失的作用,在相同的降水量下,坡耕地总产流量分别是人工林、次生林、灌草丛的1.58,12.45和5.52倍;而从产沙量来看,坡耕地的产沙量也远大于其余几种土地利用类型,坡耕地的总产沙量分别是人工林、次生林和灌草丛的8.41,53.06和41.90倍. 不同土地利用类型径流中的总氮、总磷的输出量差异显著,总氮、总磷输出趋势都表现为坡耕地＞人工林＞灌草丛＞次生林;不同土地利用类型径流小区侵蚀泥沙中的总氮、总磷输出量同样为坡耕地＞人工林＞灌草丛＞次生林,且坡耕地的输出量远大于其余几种土地利用类型. 相关分析表明,径流中带走的总氮量大于泥沙,磷的输出主要是以泥沙结合态为主,泥沙是磷的主要载体.      

高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-LDO的制备及除磷机制

针对污水中磷的去除问题,采用优化后的恒定pH值共沉淀法制备了Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDHs),经高温焙烧得到高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-layered double oxide(Mg/Al-LDO);在对其吸附特性研究的基础上,并结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR分析吸附前后材料等电点、晶体结构及层间阴离子的变化,探讨Mg/Al-LDO吸附除磷机制.结果表明,采用优化后的共沉淀法,在Mg/Al比为2∶1,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间2 h条件下制备出的Mg/Al-LDO对磷酸根吸附性最好,最大吸附容量可达到176.94 mg·g-1,与理论吸附容量191.57 mg·g-1基本一致,远高出Mg/Al-LDHs及其它磷吸附剂.实验数据对准二级反应动力学模型的拟合结果较好,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型.结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR的结果推测,Mg/AlLDO吸附除磷主要是通过静电引力、阴离子插层、离子交换、表面配位这4种作用协同完成.     

组合式A^2／O工艺处理城市污水的实验研究

随着城市化进程的加快,城市综合治理与城市水环境保护已逐渐为人们重视。通过试验,对A^2／O工艺进行改进,在传统型A^2／O工艺的好氧池中充填填料,形成雅流式的生物接触氧化曝气池,即组合式A^2／O工艺,用该工艺处理城市污水,其出水水质（平均值）为：COD36．9mg／L、NH3-N3．3mg／L、TP0．39mg／L,符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）一级A标准,可排入稀释能力较小的河湖,用作景观用水和一般回用水。出水水质与《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》标准（GB／T18921—2002）相比,有一定差距,还需进一步的处理。     

土壤中La与P迁移的关联性初步研究

通过室内土柱淋溶试验和人工降雨模拟试验分别观察了元素P和La从土壤表层纵向和横向流失的特征,初步探讨了单一稀土元素La与土施畜禽肥料P随暴雨径流流失的关联性.淋溶试验结果表明,外源La和P在土壤中的纵向迁移都非常困难,La和P的迁移深度分别不超过土壤表层6 cm和8 cm;增加外源La可以降低土壤中水浸提P、NaHCO3浸提P和NaOH浸提P的量,提高HCl浸提P的量,增加残渣态P在TP中的比重;而人工降雨模拟试验结果表明,绝大部分La和总P都是通过径流沉积物相流失(占流失总量的95%以上),对于添加不同剂量的La系列,无论是从土壤表层的流失速率还是流失的总量,总P和La都存在良好的相关性.     

两级序批式MBR与单级好氧MBR对比试验研究

针对MBR在应用中存在的脱氮除磷效率低、膜污染严重等问题,提出两级序批式MBR工艺,并与单级好氧MBR进行了对比试验研究.结果表明,两级序批式MBR不但具有SBR脱氮除磷的优势,而且解决了单泥工艺存在的脱氮除磷矛盾问题,在稳定运行阶段,膜出水NH;-N、TN、TP平均值分别为2.83 ms/L、12.20 mg/L、0...     

Release of phosphorous from igneous phosphate rock through bioturbation: a low-cost approach for phosphorous fertilization in fish farms

The influence of bioturbation caused by common carp fry was treated in 24 transparent polythene jars (5?L each) in the laboratory and in outdoor vats (150?L), increasing the fertilizer value of phosphate rock in eight treatment combinations in triplicate. Input of water soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) was determined to quantify the effects of bioturbation, fish excrements and soil. The level of SRP in water was always lowest in the control series. Introduction of common carp fry resulted in a net increase of 0.009–0.010?mg phosphate g^?1day^?1 of SRP attributable to the effect of fish excrement. Bioturbation caused by common carp resulted in as high as a 64.8 to 90% influx of phosphate from bottom soil in the presence of phosphate rock but only about 6.3 to 7.2% in the absence of phosphate rock. The bioturbation that occurred in this treatment resulted in a significant release of phosphorous into the overlying water from an apatite source. The results confirm the environment friendly application of phosphate rock in fish-farming ponds at low cost.