大亚湾海域海水中各种形态磷的研究

根据 1999年 5月 (春季 )的调查 ,统计了大亚湾海域海水微表层、次表层、表层和底层水中各种形态P的含量 ,计算了各种形态P分别占总磷 (TP)和总溶解磷 (TDP)的百分比 ,讨论了各种形态P之间的相互关系 ,分析了影响颗粒磷 (PP)和溶解磷 (TDP)分布的环境因素。结果表明 ,大多数站位微表层对各种形态P产生了富集 ,但是富集概率有所差别 ;大亚湾海域水中P ,除微表层主要以PP形态存在外 ,其余水层均主要以TDP形态存在 ,TDP在所有水层中均以DOP为主要存在形态 ;各个水层中PP是影响TP分布变化的主要因素 :影响PP在微表层、次表层和表层分布变化的主要环境因素为COD ,在底层则为叶绿素a与COD的叠加 ;影响TDP在微表层和底层分布变化的主要环境因素为盐度 ,在次表层和表层则为COD。     

改良型Carrousel 200O氧化沟工艺的优化控制

在总结近年来有关研究文献的基础上，结合漯河市污水净化中心近两年来的实际运行效果，阐述了改良型Carrousel氧化沟脱氮除磷的工艺原理，分别就曝气系统、回流污泥系统、剩余污泥系统、BOD5/TKN与BOD5/TP以及氧化还原电位的优化控制作了概括性论述。     

福州山仔水库底泥磷释放规律的研究

时福州山仔水库底泥中磷的释放规律研究结果表明：影响山仔水库底泥磷释放的主要因素是上覆水中的磷浓度、温度和溶解氧。并通过对底泥样品中的各种磷形态含量与上覆水中的磷浓度进行线性相关分析，均具有良好的相关性。     

厦门中华白海豚的重金属含量

对厦门港海域８只中华白海豚成体和幼仔体内的重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明，与鱼类和无脊上比，中华白海豚的重金属含量很高。成年的含量观于幼仔；肝的含量大大超过其他部位。中华白海豚的重金属含量高，与其它处于海洋食物链的的最顶级密切相关。     

铜对缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）的毒性效应

研究了铜对缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｌｉｎｚａ）的毒性效应，试验了不同的配合剂对铜的毒性效应及累积量的影响。结果发现，铜对缘管浒苔的毒性效应阈值为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ￣（２＋）可使缘管浒苔迅速死亡，培养９６ｈ后光合作用强度下降为零。ＥＤＴＡ可抑制铜在藻体中的累积，缓解毒性；８－羟基喹啉则促进铜在藻体中的累积，加刷了毒性。和铜污染的培养介质短期接触（＜１ｍ后，加入足量ＥＤＴＡ，藻体生长和对照组相当，较长时间接触（＞４ｈ）后，ＥＤ－ＴＡ不能使藻恢复生长。结合ＥＤＴＡ“洗脱”实验提出，Ｃｕ￣（２＋）可能首先经离子交换机制结合于藻体表面，之后，才逐步向细胞内转移。     

A2/O工艺处理城市污水的应用研究

介绍了A2/O脱氮除磷工艺处理城市污水的机理、特点及存在问题。根据污水处理厂的实际运行情况,分析了影响A2/O工艺的因素,采取了提高除磷效果的一些措施。实践表明这些措施对提高除磷效果具有明显作用。     

城市污水深度处理工艺的设计与运行

在水资源日趋紧张的今天,污水的深度处理回用工艺成了人们探讨的热点。结合郑州市五龙口污水处理厂的设计与运行,介绍了以改良氧化沟为主体的污水深度处理回用工艺,并对工艺除磷脱氮及污水深度处理的原理、设计参数、运行情况及运行条件的控制进行了介绍。运行结果表明该工艺既具有较高的COD、SS去除效率,又解决了传统氧化沟在脱氮除磷时存在相互影响的矛盾问题,在进水COD为326mg/L、SS为301mg/L、NH_4~+-N为45．1mg/L、TP为4．1mg/L;出水COD为21mg/L、SS为9mg/L、NH_4~+-N为1．4mg/L、TP为0．6mg/L,各项指标均达到了景观用水标准。     

Optimizing process parameters for the adsorption of phosphorus from synthetic wastewater on coconut shell based activated carbon

Activated carbon was prepared from coconut shell, an agricultural waste, for the removal of phosphorus from synthetic phosphorus‐containing wastewater. The activated carbon obtained from the coconut shell was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, particle size, adsorbent dosage, and sorption time on the adsorptive potential of the prepared activated carbon. Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactions among the variables and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of phosphorus using the coconut shell–based activated carbon (CNS). The characterization results from the FTIR showed the presence of variety of functional groups, such as ?OH, ?NH, C=O, C?H, C?N, CH₃, and CH₂, which explains the CNS's improved adsorption behavior on the colloidal particles. A maximum performance of 95.22% was obtained for CNS at the optimum conditions of adsorbent dosage = 1,000 milligrams (local variable), pH 2 (local variable), particle size = 0.2 millimeters (local variable), and sorption time = 4.2 hours (global variable).     

有机肥施用对田面水氮磷流失风险的影响

为探明化肥配施有机肥对田面水氮、磷流失及水稻系统养分吸收的影响,采用田间小区试验,设置常规施肥处理（FN）、常规施肥减氮磷量20%处理（F0）、减氮磷20%+有机肥处理（F1~F4处理有机肥施用量分别为1 500、3 000、4 500和6 000 kg/hm2）共6个处理,探索化肥减量20%配施有机肥的最优组合.结果表明:不同施肥处理下,田面水中ρ（TN）、ρ（NH₄+-N）均于施肥后第1天达到峰值,随后迅速下降,于第7天后逐渐趋于稳定,ρ（TN）和ρ（NH₄+-N）分别维持在各自峰值的5.1%~10.9%与4.8%~9.6%,田面水中ρ（TP）的变化趋势与ρ（TN）相似;F0与F1处理均能有效降低田面水中ρ（TN）和ρ（TP）.与FN处理相比,F1处理下ρ（TN）、ρ（NH₄+-N）与ρ（TP）平均值分别降低了6.5%、9.1%和3.1%,该处理能够有效地降低氮、磷养分流失风险,且增施有机肥可使水稻增产0.2%~19.8%,地上部分氮、磷累积量随有机肥施用量的增加而显著增加（P < 0.05）.综合水稻产量、养分吸收和田面水养分动态等指标发现,F1处理不仅能提高区域双季稻产量,还能有效控制田面水氮、磷养分浓度,降低氮、磷地表径流产生的农田面源污染风险,是针对南方双季稻田的一项"控源节流"优化施肥模式.      

Transformation and migration of phosphorus in excess sludge reduction pretreatment by alkaline ferrate oxidation combined with anaerobic digestion

Recently,more and more attention has been paid to the strong oxidation ability of newly prepared potassium ferrate(NAPF) in sludge reduction process,but less attention has been paid to the change of phosphorus in this process.The feasibility of phosphorus migration and transformation during excess sludge reduction pretre atment using NAPF pre-oxidation combined with anaerobic digestion was investigated.After 70 mg/g suspended solids NAPF pretreatment and 16 days anaerobic digestion,the solid-phase volatile suspended solids decreased by 44.2%,and much organic matter had been released into the liquid-phase and then degraded during digestion by indigenous microorganisms.As the sludge pre-oxidation process was performed,solid-phase organic phosphorus and chemically combined phosphorus also released into the liquid-phase as PO_4~(3-),peaking at 100 mg/L.During anaerobic digestion,the Fe~(3+)in the liquid-phase was gradually reduced to Fe~(2+),and then formed Fe~(2+)-PO_4~(3-) compound crystals and re-migrated to the solid-phase.The concentration of PO_4~(3-) decreased to 17.08± 1.1 mg/L in the liquid-phase after anaerobic digestion.Finally,the phosphorus in the Fe~(2+)-PO_4~(3-) compound accounts for 80% of the total phosphorus in the solid-phase.A large number of vivianite crystals in sludge were observed.Therefore,this technology not only effectively reduces sludge,but also increases the proportion of PO_4~(3-)in the sludge in the form of Vivianite.