气候变化对安徽省大气污染扩散能力的影响

利用气象部门整编的30年(1981—2010年)气候资料中,安徽省内35个未搬迁的地面气象站观测资料,分析安徽省大气污染扩散能力的变化特征。时间变化方面,安徽省的不稳定日数比重以每年0.31%的速度增加,大气扩散能力经历了"增强-减弱-增强"的起伏式变化,1997—2004年是扩散能力降低的时期。在空间分布上,除沿江中、西部和皖南山区东部的局部地区出现不稳定日比重下降(安庆站的下降速率最快,为每年-0.32%)的变化趋势外,其他地区均呈逐年升高趋势。高斯扩散模型的模拟结果表明,安徽省的大气污染扩散能力总体上有所增强,在35个台站中,有1/2的台站扩散能力出现了降低的变化趋势。此外,在安徽省淮北东部、大别山西北部和皖南山区东北部,大气的垂直扩散能力得到了增强,水平输送能力有所减弱。沿(长)江西部,大气的垂直扩散能力有所减弱,但水平输送能力却得到增强。     

苏北潮滩群落交错带互花米草斑块与土著种竞争关系研究

选取盐城滨海湿地典型滩地（互花米草与碱蓬交错区、碱蓬滩）互花米草斑块,研究互花米草和本地种的生长特征、斑块微生境变化和互花米草与本地种的相对竞争力。结果表明：①和本地土著种碱蓬Suaeda salsa、芦苇Phragmites australis相比,入侵种互花米草Spartina alterniflora能更有效地改善微生境,其发达根系能够提高土壤含水量,互花米草的耐盐特性和泌盐作用能够使得互花米草在高盐度环境中生存,并有效的降低土壤盐度;②在互花米草与碱蓬交错区,从互花米草斑块边缘到中心,碱蓬的长势显著变弱,互花米草的长势显著增强,互花米草与碱蓬的相对竞争力为1.94±0.94,互花米草的竞争能力明显强于碱蓬;③在碱蓬滩,从互花米草斑块边缘到中心,碱蓬、芦苇的长势显著变弱,互花米草的长势显著增强,互花米草与碱蓬的相对竞争力为0.87±0.30,互花米草与碱蓬之间的竞争相对平衡;④因此,互花米草可能通过种间竞争不断侵蚀碱蓬生境,从而取代当地土著植被碱蓬和芦苇。     

The moderating effects of job control and selection,optimization, and compensation strategies on the age–work ability relationship

Work ability describes employees' capability to carry out their work with respect to physical and psychological job demands. This study investigated direct and interactive effects of age, job control, and the use of successful aging strategies called selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) in predicting work ability. We assessed SOC strategies and job control by using employee self‐reports, and we measured employees' work ability using supervisor ratings. Data collected from 173 health‐care employees showed that job control was positively associated with work ability. Additionally, we found a three‐way interaction effect of age, job control, and use of SOC strategies on work ability. Specifically, the negative relationship between age and work ability was weakest for employees with high job control and high use of SOC strategies. These results suggest that the use of successful aging strategies and enhanced control at work are conducive to maintaining the work ability of aging employees. We discuss theoretical and practical implications regarding the beneficial role of the use of SOC strategies utilized by older employees and enhanced contextual resources at work for aging employees. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are there any job resources capable of moderating the effect of physical demands on work ability? A study among kindergarten teachers

Background. It is recognized that teaching in a preschool context is physically demanding. Despite this, the consequences of physical demands on psychophysical health (including work ability) are significantly understudied among kindergarten teachers. Objectives. The aim of the present study is to examine (a) the association between physical demands and work ability and (b) whether psychosocial job resources buffer the negative impact of physical demands among kindergarten teachers. Method. A total of 426 kindergarten teachers employed in the municipal educational services of a city in northwest Italy filled out a self-reported questionnaire. Results. High association was found between physical demand and work ability. Moderated hierarchical regressions showed that decision authority, skill discretion, reward and meaning of work buffer the hampering effect of physical demands and work ability. No buffering effects were observed for support from superiors and colleagues. Conclusion. The present study has relevant, practical implications, highlighting the importance of investing in interventions encompassing a holistic perspective (e.g., psychosocial and ergonomic) in order to effectively combat the hampering effect of physical demands on work ability.     

生产率和科技创新能力可持续提高实质:人力资源开发

本文将分析中国的人力资源条件对劳动生产率和科技创新能力的制约以及在国际性的人才争夺中所处的被动地位 ,提出发展教育和科技、更新观念和体制 ,是提升综合国力、实现可持续发展的重要途径。     

适用于柴油降解的微生物菌种降解能力研究

文章针对柴油污染土壤的生物修复问题,对具有降解柴油能力的微生物菌种进行了采集及驯化,并分别就底物浓度、温度及初始pH值对驯化后微生物菌种的柴油降解能力进行了相关实验研究,讨论了温度、底物浓度、初始pH值对微生物生长、柴油降解效率的影响,得到了微生物生长的最佳条件是温度为30℃、底物浓度为0.0015μg/ml～0.003μg/ml及pH值等于7,同时得到了M-M（Michaelis-Menten）方程中的动力学参数,米氏常数为12.33 mg/L,最大反应速率为0.57h^-1。     

提高中国石化HSE执行力探析

针对中国石化目前存在的HSE执行方面的问题,分析了执行力不强的原因,提出了强化执行力的措施。     

4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮磷能力的比较

选取美人蕉、风车草、菖蒲和香根草4种常见的浮床植物为研究对象,对其生长特性及吸收氮磷的能力进行比较研究.结果显示,4种植物的成活率均在90%以上,移栽后60-100d为植物的快速生长期.经过4个月的生长.4种植物水面上部生物量均明显高于下部;除香根草外,其它3种植物体内的氮磷含量均呈叶>根>茎的分布;植物体内的氮、磷累积量大小依次为美人蕉>风车草>菖蒲>香根草.植物吸收占浮床系统氮去除的比例均低于40%,占浮床系统磷去除的比例均高于55%.4种植物中,美人蕉对水体中氮磷的吸收能力最强,可以将其作为三峡库区次级河流的浮床栽培植物进行推广.     

不同品种黑麦草对富营养化水体净化能力的比较

利用浮床植物系统研究了不同品种黑麦草在富营养化水体中的生长特性和净化效果差异.结果表明,12个黑麦草品种在冬春季富营养化水体中均能良好生长,净化效果非常明显,对TN、TP、CODMn和BOD5的去除率分别高达73.68%、84.69%、87.87%和75.85%;同时,还能使富营养化水体中pH值降低,溶解氧浓度明显升高.室内试验植物地上部N、P积累量分别在46.86～145.25 mg·m-2·d-1之间和11.39～42.74mg·m-2·d-1之间;室外试验植物地上部N、P积累量分别为61.5～168.2 mg·m-2·d-1和11.9～47.2mg·m-2·d-1;且植物体内N、P积累量与其生物量之间存在着明显的相关性(r≥0.90).品种同差异显著(P<0.05),其中,以邦德、安格斯2号和牧杰对富营养化水体净化的综合能力表现最好.     

谈《内蒙古自治区环境保护志》资料收集的经验

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策,给子孙留下一片蓝天绿地是我们环保人的责任,我们用事实记录了自治区环境保护工作的历程。