Does the great spotted cuckoo choose magpie hosts according to their parenting ability?

When brood parasites are about to lay an egg, they have to decide which nest to parasitize. The best nest in which to lay will depend on the parenting ability of the host. We have studied selection of magpie (Pica pica) hosts by great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius). Great spotted cuckoos preferentially parasitize large host nests. Nest volume in magpies is a good indicator of territory quality, since there is a negative relationship between magpie nest size and breeding date, and timing of breeding in magpies is known to be positively related to territory quality. Moreover, magpies occupying high-quality territories have high breeding success. Therefore, nest size is positively related to the quality of magpies. Parasitized magpie nests were of greater volume than the nearest neighbouring nest not parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo. In order to test whether the great spotted cuckoos might select high-quality magpie hosts, we manipulated pairs of parasitized and non-parasitized nests with identical laying dates and habitats, introducing into each of the nests the same number of parasitic and non-parasitic eggs. The number of fledglings reared (magpie plus great spotted cuckoo chicks) in naturally parasitized nests was higher than in experimentally parasitized nests. Thus, the probability of survival of the parasite chicks increased if cuckoo eggs were laid in the nests of high-quality hosts originally chosen by the parasite.     

信号分子对高负荷UASB中ANAMMOX颗粒特性的影响

针对高负荷反应器中ANAMMOX颗粒污泥易上浮流失的问题,进行外源添加酰基高丝氨酸内酯类信号分子（AHLs）对污泥特性的影响研究.结果表明添加30mg/L辛酰基高丝氨酸内酯（C8-HSL）可对颗粒污泥沉降性能产生长期影响,能够有效控制高负荷UASB中ANAMMOX颗粒污泥上浮.仅在实验初期（0~20d）向反应器R2中添加C8-HSL,在实验进行至100d时R2中颗粒污泥B-EPS含量相比对照组R1降低15%,PN/PS值由4.22下降至2.14,同时污泥颗粒表面疏水性提高了26%,因此R2中颗粒污泥的沉降性能大幅提高（颗粒污泥密度增加了24%,沉速提高了90%）.实验进行至100d,R2未发生较明显污泥上浮现象,此时氮容积负荷NLR为12.9kg-TN/（m³·d）,氮容积去除率NRR高达11.3kg-TN/（m³·d）,氮去除率达88%.己酰基高丝氨酸内酯（C6-HSL）可使污泥颗粒的活性有所提高,而十二烷酰基高丝氨酸内酯（C12-HSL）则对高负荷反应器中颗粒污泥的特性没有影响.     

安全监督HSE能力评价体系研究与应用

为了有效评价安全监督HSE能力,本文以安全监督HSE能力是一个复杂系统为出发点,在对安全监督HSE能力影响因素分析和安全监督深入访谈的基础上,初拟指标后对指标体系进行问卷咨询,确定了监督能力、监督业绩和监督效果3个维度的评价体系,包括3个一级指标,14个二级指标,29个三级指标,并应用层次分析法确定了各级指标的隶属度和权重值。最后通过应用实践验证,形成的安全监督HSE能力评价体系,可为安全监督HSE能力的培训、派驻及考核晋级提供参考依据。     

水基溶液起泡性能评价方法比较研究

泡沫液的发泡比和半衰期是表征起泡剂特性的基本物理量.选用十二烷基硫酸钠为典型的表面活性剂,测量了不同质量分数溶液的表面张力,得到试验条件下的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.25％,采用改进的Ross-Mile法、搅拌法和测压力法,在相同的环境下对同一溶液进行发泡试验,其中测压力法可以得到表征重力排液和扩散排液过程等泡沫破灭过程的定量数据.结果表明,发泡比因起泡方法的不同而有较大差异,在相同质量分数下,测压力法的起泡量最大而搅拌法的起泡量最小,3种方法所产生的发泡体积随质量分数的变化趋势一致,当表面活性剂质量分数≥0.25％ (CMC)时,搅拌法、Ross-Mile法和测压力法的发泡体积比为1:1.25:1.36.3种方法所产生泡沫的半衰期随表面活性剂质量分数增加而增大,达到最大值后缓慢减小,有相似的变化趋势,测压力法、Ross-Mile法和搅拌法的半衰期之比约为1:3:6,分析了3种方法所产生泡沫的发泡比和半衰期差异的原因.     

It pays to have an eye for emotions: Emotion recognition ability indirectly predicts annual income

This study integrates the emotion and social influence literatures to examine how emotion recognition ability (ERA) relates to annual income. In a sample of 142 employee–peer–supervisor triads from a broad range of jobs and organizations, we find that people's level of ERA indirectly relates to how much they earn per year. The relationship between ERA and annual income is mediated sequentially through political skill and interpersonal facilitation. The results imply that emotional abilities allow people not only to process affect‐laden information effectively but also to use this information to successfully navigate the social world of organizations in the pursuit of prosperity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西排污权交易实践、问题与对策研究

山西是中国环境污染最为严重的省区之一,经济发展与环境保护的矛盾非常突出.开展排污权有偿使用和交易,是山西省创新环保机制体制、服务经济社会发展的迫切需要.2010年,山西省获批成为国家排污权交易试点省份之一.概括总结了山西省排污权交易的实践及存在问题,提出今后要在合理核定和分配初始排污权、积极创新排污权质押与租赁机制、加强排污量监测核定等方面积极开展工作体制机制创新,把试点工作推向深入的政策建议.     

植被重建下煤矿排土场土壤熟化过程中碳储量变化

植被重建是治理因露天煤矿的开采而形成的大面积排土场行之有效的措施,了解植被重建模式对排土场土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的影响是筛选植被治理措施的重要因子.在内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿,选取15 a治理排土场中5种植被重建模式(自然恢复地、草地、灌木林、乔灌混交林、乔木林),16种植被配置类型,采集土壤剖面(0~100 cm)样品408个,研究不同重建模式下SOC储量的变化.结果表明:1治理排土场植被重建模式显著影响剖面SOC含量与分布(P<0.05),表层0~10 cm SOC呈草地>灌木>乔木>乔灌混交林>自然恢复地;全氮(TN)也呈相似的变化特征.2植被配置类型中,苜蓿地0~10 cm的SOC含量(5.71 g·kg-1)和TN含量(0.49 g·kg-1)均最高,比自然恢复地分别高166.7%和171.3%,且是沙棘、紫穗槐+油松、香花槐的两倍左右.3植被重建对SOC影响深度主要集中在0~20 cm,而对TN的影响可达40 cm.4与新建排土场相比,植被重建后,草地、灌木地和乔木地0~100 cm碳储量分别增加了15.47、6.93和6.95 t·hm-2,但仅相当于原地貌水平的2/3、1/2和1/2.植被重建表现出碳汇效应和巨大的固碳能力.从土壤固碳的角度考虑,建议植被重建模式以草地为主,植被类型优先考虑苜蓿.     

皖07井水位与地震关系初探

从分析皖０７井水位的映震能力入手,探讨地下水与地震的关系。文中着重对１９９６年１１月９日南黄海６１级等４次中强地震前该井水位的异常特征进行分析,并对该井水位映震的机理提出一些粗浅的看法。     

试论执行力文化的构建与政府行政效率的提高

首先论述了执行力文化的提出及内涵,随后说明了导致政府行政效率低下的3个原因,由此引出了在政府中倡导构建执行力文化是提高政府效率的有效手段,最后以秦皇岛市为例,说明了在政府中如何构建执行力文化的几个方面内容.     

安全成本与国际贸易竞争力关系的经济学分析

分析了职业安全卫生标准一体化和劳工标准对国际贸易产生的现实影响,运用经济学的基本理论对安全保护成本与国际贸易竞争力之间的关系进行深入探讨;推理得出国际贸易中小国的安全保护成本对其国际贸易竞争力影响较大,而大国的影响则较小,如果大国某一出口产品需求价格弹性小于1,其增加安全成本总收入反而增加的结论,因此,大国有增加安全投资的积极性。笔者提出发展中国家应从自身经济、政治利益实际出发,反对不切实际的提高劳工标准,并提出中国的出口企业应该适应目标市场绿色安全生产的发展趋势,实现本质安全型生产。